Initial commit

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+"""
+Oracle database backend for Django.
+
+Requires oracledb: https://oracle.github.io/python-oracledb/
+"""
+
+import datetime
+import decimal
+import os
+import platform
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.db import IntegrityError
+from django.db.backends.base.base import BaseDatabaseWrapper
+from django.db.backends.oracle.oracledb_any import oracledb as Database
+from django.db.backends.utils import debug_transaction
+from django.utils.asyncio import async_unsafe
+from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_str
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+from django.utils.version import get_version_tuple
+
+
+def _setup_environment(environ):
+    # Cygwin requires some special voodoo to set the environment variables
+    # properly so that Oracle will see them.
+    if platform.system().upper().startswith("CYGWIN"):
+        try:
+            import ctypes
+        except ImportError as e:
+            raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                "Error loading ctypes: %s; "
+                "the Oracle backend requires ctypes to "
+                "operate correctly under Cygwin." % e
+            )
+        kernel32 = ctypes.CDLL("kernel32")
+        for name, value in environ:
+            kernel32.SetEnvironmentVariableA(name, value)
+    else:
+        os.environ.update(environ)
+
+
+_setup_environment(
+    [
+        # Oracle takes client-side character set encoding from the environment.
+        ("NLS_LANG", ".AL32UTF8"),
+        # This prevents Unicode from getting mangled by getting encoded into the
+        # potentially non-Unicode database character set.
+        ("ORA_NCHAR_LITERAL_REPLACE", "TRUE"),
+    ]
+)
+
+
+# Some of these import oracledb, so import them after checking if it's
+# installed.
+from .client import DatabaseClient  # NOQA
+from .creation import DatabaseCreation  # NOQA
+from .features import DatabaseFeatures  # NOQA
+from .introspection import DatabaseIntrospection  # NOQA
+from .operations import DatabaseOperations  # NOQA
+from .schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor  # NOQA
+from .utils import Oracle_datetime, dsn  # NOQA
+from .validation import DatabaseValidation  # NOQA
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def wrap_oracle_errors():
+    try:
+        yield
+    except Database.DatabaseError as e:
+        # oracledb raises a oracledb.DatabaseError exception with the
+        # following attributes and values:
+        #  code = 2091
+        #  message = 'ORA-02091: transaction rolled back
+        #            'ORA-02291: integrity constraint (TEST_DJANGOTEST.SYS
+        #               _C00102056) violated - parent key not found'
+        #            or:
+        #            'ORA-00001: unique constraint (DJANGOTEST.DEFERRABLE_
+        #               PINK_CONSTRAINT) violated
+        # Convert that case to Django's IntegrityError exception.
+        x = e.args[0]
+        if (
+            hasattr(x, "code")
+            and hasattr(x, "message")
+            and x.code == 2091
+            and ("ORA-02291" in x.message or "ORA-00001" in x.message)
+        ):
+            raise IntegrityError(*tuple(e.args))
+        raise
+
+
+class _UninitializedOperatorsDescriptor:
+    def __get__(self, instance, cls=None):
+        # If connection.operators is looked up before a connection has been
+        # created, transparently initialize connection.operators to avert an
+        # AttributeError.
+        if instance is None:
+            raise AttributeError("operators not available as class attribute")
+        # Creating a cursor will initialize the operators.
+        instance.cursor().close()
+        return instance.__dict__["operators"]
+
+
+class DatabaseWrapper(BaseDatabaseWrapper):
+    vendor = "oracle"
+    display_name = "Oracle"
+    # This dictionary maps Field objects to their associated Oracle column
+    # types, as strings. Column-type strings can contain format strings; they'll
+    # be interpolated against the values of Field.__dict__ before being output.
+    # If a column type is set to None, it won't be included in the output.
+    #
+    # Any format strings starting with "qn_" are quoted before being used in the
+    # output (the "qn_" prefix is stripped before the lookup is performed.
+    data_types = {
+        "AutoField": "NUMBER(11) GENERATED BY DEFAULT ON NULL AS IDENTITY",
+        "BigAutoField": "NUMBER(19) GENERATED BY DEFAULT ON NULL AS IDENTITY",
+        "BinaryField": "BLOB",
+        "BooleanField": "NUMBER(1)",
+        "CharField": "NVARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)",
+        "DateField": "DATE",
+        "DateTimeField": "TIMESTAMP",
+        "DecimalField": "NUMBER(%(max_digits)s, %(decimal_places)s)",
+        "DurationField": "INTERVAL DAY(9) TO SECOND(6)",
+        "FileField": "NVARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)",
+        "FilePathField": "NVARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)",
+        "FloatField": "DOUBLE PRECISION",
+        "IntegerField": "NUMBER(11)",
+        "JSONField": "NCLOB",
+        "BigIntegerField": "NUMBER(19)",
+        "IPAddressField": "VARCHAR2(15)",
+        "GenericIPAddressField": "VARCHAR2(39)",
+        "OneToOneField": "NUMBER(11)",
+        "PositiveBigIntegerField": "NUMBER(19)",
+        "PositiveIntegerField": "NUMBER(11)",
+        "PositiveSmallIntegerField": "NUMBER(11)",
+        "SlugField": "NVARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)",
+        "SmallAutoField": "NUMBER(5) GENERATED BY DEFAULT ON NULL AS IDENTITY",
+        "SmallIntegerField": "NUMBER(11)",
+        "TextField": "NCLOB",
+        "TimeField": "TIMESTAMP",
+        "URLField": "VARCHAR2(%(max_length)s)",
+        "UUIDField": "VARCHAR2(32)",
+    }
+    data_type_check_constraints = {
+        "BooleanField": "%(qn_column)s IN (0,1)",
+        "JSONField": "%(qn_column)s IS JSON",
+        "PositiveBigIntegerField": "%(qn_column)s >= 0",
+        "PositiveIntegerField": "%(qn_column)s >= 0",
+        "PositiveSmallIntegerField": "%(qn_column)s >= 0",
+    }
+
+    # Oracle doesn't support a database index on these columns.
+    _limited_data_types = ("clob", "nclob", "blob")
+
+    operators = _UninitializedOperatorsDescriptor()
+
+    _standard_operators = {
+        "exact": "= %s",
+        "iexact": "= UPPER(%s)",
+        "contains": (
+            "LIKE TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS) ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)"
+        ),
+        "icontains": (
+            "LIKE UPPER(TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS)) "
+            "ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)"
+        ),
+        "gt": "> %s",
+        "gte": ">= %s",
+        "lt": "< %s",
+        "lte": "<= %s",
+        "startswith": (
+            "LIKE TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS) ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)"
+        ),
+        "endswith": (
+            "LIKE TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS) ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)"
+        ),
+        "istartswith": (
+            "LIKE UPPER(TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS)) "
+            "ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)"
+        ),
+        "iendswith": (
+            "LIKE UPPER(TRANSLATE(%s USING NCHAR_CS)) "
+            "ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)"
+        ),
+    }
+
+    _likec_operators = {
+        **_standard_operators,
+        "contains": "LIKEC %s ESCAPE '\\'",
+        "icontains": "LIKEC UPPER(%s) ESCAPE '\\'",
+        "startswith": "LIKEC %s ESCAPE '\\'",
+        "endswith": "LIKEC %s ESCAPE '\\'",
+        "istartswith": "LIKEC UPPER(%s) ESCAPE '\\'",
+        "iendswith": "LIKEC UPPER(%s) ESCAPE '\\'",
+    }
+
+    # The patterns below are used to generate SQL pattern lookup clauses when
+    # the right-hand side of the lookup isn't a raw string (it might be an expression
+    # or the result of a bilateral transformation).
+    # In those cases, special characters for LIKE operators (e.g. \, %, _)
+    # should be escaped on the database side.
+    #
+    # Note: we use str.format() here for readability as '%' is used as a wildcard for
+    # the LIKE operator.
+    pattern_esc = r"REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE({}, '\', '\\'), '%%', '\%%'), '_', '\_')"
+    _pattern_ops = {
+        "contains": "'%%' || {} || '%%'",
+        "icontains": "'%%' || UPPER({}) || '%%'",
+        "startswith": "{} || '%%'",
+        "istartswith": "UPPER({}) || '%%'",
+        "endswith": "'%%' || {}",
+        "iendswith": "'%%' || UPPER({})",
+    }
+
+    _standard_pattern_ops = {
+        k: "LIKE TRANSLATE( " + v + " USING NCHAR_CS)"
+        " ESCAPE TRANSLATE('\\' USING NCHAR_CS)"
+        for k, v in _pattern_ops.items()
+    }
+    _likec_pattern_ops = {
+        k: "LIKEC " + v + " ESCAPE '\\'" for k, v in _pattern_ops.items()
+    }
+
+    Database = Database
+    SchemaEditorClass = DatabaseSchemaEditor
+    # Classes instantiated in __init__().
+    client_class = DatabaseClient
+    creation_class = DatabaseCreation
+    features_class = DatabaseFeatures
+    introspection_class = DatabaseIntrospection
+    ops_class = DatabaseOperations
+    validation_class = DatabaseValidation
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        use_returning_into = self.settings_dict["OPTIONS"].get(
+            "use_returning_into", True
+        )
+        self.features.can_return_columns_from_insert = use_returning_into
+
+    def get_database_version(self):
+        return self.oracle_version
+
+    def get_connection_params(self):
+        conn_params = self.settings_dict["OPTIONS"].copy()
+        if "use_returning_into" in conn_params:
+            del conn_params["use_returning_into"]
+        return conn_params
+
+    @async_unsafe
+    def get_new_connection(self, conn_params):
+        return Database.connect(
+            user=self.settings_dict["USER"],
+            password=self.settings_dict["PASSWORD"],
+            dsn=dsn(self.settings_dict),
+            **conn_params,
+        )
+
+    def init_connection_state(self):
+        super().init_connection_state()
+        cursor = self.create_cursor()
+        # Set the territory first. The territory overrides NLS_DATE_FORMAT
+        # and NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT to the territory default. When all of
+        # these are set in single statement it isn't clear what is supposed
+        # to happen.
+        cursor.execute("ALTER SESSION SET NLS_TERRITORY = 'AMERICA'")
+        # Set Oracle date to ANSI date format.  This only needs to execute
+        # once when we create a new connection. We also set the Territory
+        # to 'AMERICA' which forces Sunday to evaluate to a '1' in
+        # TO_CHAR().
+        cursor.execute(
+            "ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
+            " NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF'"
+            + (" TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'" if settings.USE_TZ else "")
+        )
+        cursor.close()
+        if "operators" not in self.__dict__:
+            # Ticket #14149: Check whether our LIKE implementation will
+            # work for this connection or we need to fall back on LIKEC.
+            # This check is performed only once per DatabaseWrapper
+            # instance per thread, since subsequent connections will use
+            # the same settings.
+            cursor = self.create_cursor()
+            try:
+                cursor.execute(
+                    "SELECT 1 FROM DUAL WHERE DUMMY %s"
+                    % self._standard_operators["contains"],
+                    ["X"],
+                )
+            except Database.DatabaseError:
+                self.operators = self._likec_operators
+                self.pattern_ops = self._likec_pattern_ops
+            else:
+                self.operators = self._standard_operators
+                self.pattern_ops = self._standard_pattern_ops
+            cursor.close()
+        self.connection.stmtcachesize = 20
+        # Ensure all changes are preserved even when AUTOCOMMIT is False.
+        if not self.get_autocommit():
+            self.commit()
+
+    @async_unsafe
+    def create_cursor(self, name=None):
+        return FormatStylePlaceholderCursor(self.connection, self)
+
+    def _commit(self):
+        if self.connection is not None:
+            with debug_transaction(self, "COMMIT"), wrap_oracle_errors():
+                return self.connection.commit()
+
+    # Oracle doesn't support releasing savepoints. But we fake them when query
+    # logging is enabled to keep query counts consistent with other backends.
+    def _savepoint_commit(self, sid):
+        if self.queries_logged:
+            self.queries_log.append(
+                {
+                    "sql": "-- RELEASE SAVEPOINT %s (faked)" % self.ops.quote_name(sid),
+                    "time": "0.000",
+                }
+            )
+
+    def _set_autocommit(self, autocommit):
+        with self.wrap_database_errors:
+            self.connection.autocommit = autocommit
+
+    def check_constraints(self, table_names=None):
+        """
+        Check constraints by setting them to immediate. Return them to deferred
+        afterward.
+        """
+        with self.cursor() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute("SET CONSTRAINTS ALL IMMEDIATE")
+            cursor.execute("SET CONSTRAINTS ALL DEFERRED")
+
+    def is_usable(self):
+        try:
+            self.connection.ping()
+        except Database.Error:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return True
+
+    @cached_property
+    def oracle_version(self):
+        with self.temporary_connection():
+            return tuple(int(x) for x in self.connection.version.split("."))
+
+    @cached_property
+    def oracledb_version(self):
+        return get_version_tuple(Database.__version__)
+
+
+class OracleParam:
+    """
+    Wrapper object for formatting parameters for Oracle. If the string
+    representation of the value is large enough (greater than 4000 characters)
+    the input size needs to be set as CLOB. Alternatively, if the parameter
+    has an `input_size` attribute, then the value of the `input_size` attribute
+    will be used instead. Otherwise, no input size will be set for the
+    parameter when executing the query.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, param, cursor, strings_only=False):
+        # With raw SQL queries, datetimes can reach this function
+        # without being converted by DateTimeField.get_db_prep_value.
+        if settings.USE_TZ and (
+            isinstance(param, datetime.datetime)
+            and not isinstance(param, Oracle_datetime)
+        ):
+            param = Oracle_datetime.from_datetime(param)
+
+        string_size = 0
+        has_boolean_data_type = (
+            cursor.database.features.supports_boolean_expr_in_select_clause
+        )
+        if not has_boolean_data_type:
+            # Oracle < 23c doesn't recognize True and False correctly.
+            if param is True:
+                param = 1
+            elif param is False:
+                param = 0
+        if hasattr(param, "bind_parameter"):
+            self.force_bytes = param.bind_parameter(cursor)
+        elif isinstance(param, (Database.Binary, datetime.timedelta)):
+            self.force_bytes = param
+        else:
+            # To transmit to the database, we need Unicode if supported
+            # To get size right, we must consider bytes.
+            self.force_bytes = force_str(param, cursor.charset, strings_only)
+            if isinstance(self.force_bytes, str):
+                # We could optimize by only converting up to 4000 bytes here
+                string_size = len(force_bytes(param, cursor.charset, strings_only))
+        if hasattr(param, "input_size"):
+            # If parameter has `input_size` attribute, use that.
+            self.input_size = param.input_size
+        elif string_size > 4000:
+            # Mark any string param greater than 4000 characters as a CLOB.
+            self.input_size = Database.CLOB
+        elif isinstance(param, datetime.datetime):
+            self.input_size = Database.TIMESTAMP
+        elif has_boolean_data_type and isinstance(param, bool):
+            self.input_size = Database.DB_TYPE_BOOLEAN
+        else:
+            self.input_size = None
+
+
+class VariableWrapper:
+    """
+    An adapter class for cursor variables that prevents the wrapped object
+    from being converted into a string when used to instantiate an OracleParam.
+    This can be used generally for any other object that should be passed into
+    Cursor.execute as-is.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, var):
+        self.var = var
+
+    def bind_parameter(self, cursor):
+        return self.var
+
+    def __getattr__(self, key):
+        return getattr(self.var, key)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, key, value):
+        if key == "var":
+            self.__dict__[key] = value
+        else:
+            setattr(self.var, key, value)
+
+
+class FormatStylePlaceholderCursor:
+    """
+    Django uses "format" (e.g. '%s') style placeholders, but Oracle uses ":var"
+    style. This fixes it -- but note that if you want to use a literal "%s" in
+    a query, you'll need to use "%%s".
+    """
+
+    charset = "utf-8"
+
+    def __init__(self, connection, database):
+        self.cursor = connection.cursor()
+        self.cursor.outputtypehandler = self._output_type_handler
+        self.database = database
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _output_number_converter(value):
+        return decimal.Decimal(value) if "." in value else int(value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_decimal_converter(precision, scale):
+        if scale == 0:
+            return int
+        context = decimal.Context(prec=precision)
+        quantize_value = decimal.Decimal(1).scaleb(-scale)
+        return lambda v: decimal.Decimal(v).quantize(quantize_value, context=context)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _output_type_handler(cursor, name, defaultType, length, precision, scale):
+        """
+        Called for each db column fetched from cursors. Return numbers as the
+        appropriate Python type, and NCLOB with JSON as strings.
+        """
+        if defaultType == Database.NUMBER:
+            if scale == -127:
+                if precision == 0:
+                    # NUMBER column: decimal-precision floating point.
+                    # This will normally be an integer from a sequence,
+                    # but it could be a decimal value.
+                    outconverter = FormatStylePlaceholderCursor._output_number_converter
+                else:
+                    # FLOAT column: binary-precision floating point.
+                    # This comes from FloatField columns.
+                    outconverter = float
+            elif precision > 0:
+                # NUMBER(p,s) column: decimal-precision fixed point.
+                # This comes from IntegerField and DecimalField columns.
+                outconverter = FormatStylePlaceholderCursor._get_decimal_converter(
+                    precision, scale
+                )
+            else:
+                # No type information. This normally comes from a
+                # mathematical expression in the SELECT list. Guess int
+                # or Decimal based on whether it has a decimal point.
+                outconverter = FormatStylePlaceholderCursor._output_number_converter
+            return cursor.var(
+                Database.STRING,
+                size=255,
+                arraysize=cursor.arraysize,
+                outconverter=outconverter,
+            )
+        # oracledb 2.0.0+ returns NLOB columns with IS JSON constraints as
+        # dicts. Use a no-op converter to avoid this.
+        elif defaultType == Database.DB_TYPE_NCLOB:
+            return cursor.var(Database.DB_TYPE_NCLOB, arraysize=cursor.arraysize)
+
+    def _format_params(self, params):
+        try:
+            return {k: OracleParam(v, self, True) for k, v in params.items()}
+        except AttributeError:
+            return tuple(OracleParam(p, self, True) for p in params)
+
+    def _guess_input_sizes(self, params_list):
+        # Try dict handling; if that fails, treat as sequence
+        if hasattr(params_list[0], "keys"):
+            sizes = {}
+            for params in params_list:
+                for k, value in params.items():
+                    if value.input_size:
+                        sizes[k] = value.input_size
+            if sizes:
+                self.setinputsizes(**sizes)
+        else:
+            # It's not a list of dicts; it's a list of sequences
+            sizes = [None] * len(params_list[0])
+            for params in params_list:
+                for i, value in enumerate(params):
+                    if value.input_size:
+                        sizes[i] = value.input_size
+            if sizes:
+                self.setinputsizes(*sizes)
+
+    def _param_generator(self, params):
+        # Try dict handling; if that fails, treat as sequence
+        if hasattr(params, "items"):
+            return {k: v.force_bytes for k, v in params.items()}
+        else:
+            return [p.force_bytes for p in params]
+
+    def _fix_for_params(self, query, params, unify_by_values=False):
+        # oracledb wants no trailing ';' for SQL statements.  For PL/SQL, it
+        # it does want a trailing ';' but not a trailing '/'.  However, these
+        # characters must be included in the original query in case the query
+        # is being passed to SQL*Plus.
+        if query.endswith(";") or query.endswith("/"):
+            query = query[:-1]
+        if params is None:
+            params = []
+        elif hasattr(params, "keys"):
+            # Handle params as dict
+            args = {k: ":%s" % k for k in params}
+            query %= args
+        elif unify_by_values and params:
+            # Handle params as a dict with unified query parameters by their
+            # values. It can be used only in single query execute() because
+            # executemany() shares the formatted query with each of the params
+            # list. e.g. for input params = [0.75, 2, 0.75, 'sth', 0.75]
+            # params_dict = {
+            #     (float, 0.75): ':arg0',
+            #     (int, 2): ':arg1',
+            #     (str, 'sth'): ':arg2',
+            # }
+            # args = [':arg0', ':arg1', ':arg0', ':arg2', ':arg0']
+            # params = {':arg0': 0.75, ':arg1': 2, ':arg2': 'sth'}
+            # The type of parameters in param_types keys is necessary to avoid
+            # unifying 0/1 with False/True.
+            param_types = [(type(param), param) for param in params]
+            params_dict = {
+                param_type: ":arg%d" % i
+                for i, param_type in enumerate(dict.fromkeys(param_types))
+            }
+            args = [params_dict[param_type] for param_type in param_types]
+            params = {
+                placeholder: param for (_, param), placeholder in params_dict.items()
+            }
+            query %= tuple(args)
+        else:
+            # Handle params as sequence
+            args = [(":arg%d" % i) for i in range(len(params))]
+            query %= tuple(args)
+        return query, self._format_params(params)
+
+    def execute(self, query, params=None):
+        query, params = self._fix_for_params(query, params, unify_by_values=True)
+        self._guess_input_sizes([params])
+        with wrap_oracle_errors():
+            return self.cursor.execute(query, self._param_generator(params))
+
+    def executemany(self, query, params=None):
+        if not params:
+            # No params given, nothing to do
+            return None
+        # uniform treatment for sequences and iterables
+        params_iter = iter(params)
+        query, firstparams = self._fix_for_params(query, next(params_iter))
+        # we build a list of formatted params; as we're going to traverse it
+        # more than once, we can't make it lazy by using a generator
+        formatted = [firstparams] + [self._format_params(p) for p in params_iter]
+        self._guess_input_sizes(formatted)
+        with wrap_oracle_errors():
+            return self.cursor.executemany(
+                query, [self._param_generator(p) for p in formatted]
+            )
+
+    def close(self):
+        try:
+            self.cursor.close()
+        except Database.InterfaceError:
+            # already closed
+            pass
+
+    def var(self, *args):
+        return VariableWrapper(self.cursor.var(*args))
+
+    def arrayvar(self, *args):
+        return VariableWrapper(self.cursor.arrayvar(*args))
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        return getattr(self.cursor, attr)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return iter(self.cursor)

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import shutil
+
+from django.db.backends.base.client import BaseDatabaseClient
+
+
+class DatabaseClient(BaseDatabaseClient):
+    executable_name = "sqlplus"
+    wrapper_name = "rlwrap"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def connect_string(settings_dict):
+        from django.db.backends.oracle.utils import dsn
+
+        return '%s/"%s"@%s' % (
+            settings_dict["USER"],
+            settings_dict["PASSWORD"],
+            dsn(settings_dict),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def settings_to_cmd_args_env(cls, settings_dict, parameters):
+        args = [cls.executable_name, "-L", cls.connect_string(settings_dict)]
+        wrapper_path = shutil.which(cls.wrapper_name)
+        if wrapper_path:
+            args = [wrapper_path, *args]
+        args.extend(parameters)
+        return args, None

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/creation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,464 @@
+import sys
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import DatabaseError
+from django.db.backends.base.creation import BaseDatabaseCreation
+from django.utils.crypto import get_random_string
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX = "test_"
+
+
+class DatabaseCreation(BaseDatabaseCreation):
+    @cached_property
+    def _maindb_connection(self):
+        """
+        This is analogous to other backends' `_nodb_connection` property,
+        which allows access to an "administrative" connection which can
+        be used to manage the test databases.
+        For Oracle, the only connection that can be used for that purpose
+        is the main (non-test) connection.
+        """
+        settings_dict = settings.DATABASES[self.connection.alias]
+        user = settings_dict.get("SAVED_USER") or settings_dict["USER"]
+        password = settings_dict.get("SAVED_PASSWORD") or settings_dict["PASSWORD"]
+        settings_dict = {**settings_dict, "USER": user, "PASSWORD": password}
+        DatabaseWrapper = type(self.connection)
+        return DatabaseWrapper(settings_dict, alias=self.connection.alias)
+
+    def _create_test_db(self, verbosity=1, autoclobber=False, keepdb=False):
+        parameters = self._get_test_db_params()
+        with self._maindb_connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            if self._test_database_create():
+                try:
+                    self._execute_test_db_creation(
+                        cursor, parameters, verbosity, keepdb
+                    )
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if "ORA-01543" not in str(e):
+                        # All errors except "tablespace already exists" cancel tests
+                        self.log("Got an error creating the test database: %s" % e)
+                        sys.exit(2)
+                    if not autoclobber:
+                        confirm = input(
+                            "It appears the test database, %s, already exists. "
+                            "Type 'yes' to delete it, or 'no' to cancel: "
+                            % parameters["user"]
+                        )
+                    if autoclobber or confirm == "yes":
+                        if verbosity >= 1:
+                            self.log(
+                                "Destroying old test database for alias '%s'..."
+                                % self.connection.alias
+                            )
+                        try:
+                            self._execute_test_db_destruction(
+                                cursor, parameters, verbosity
+                            )
+                        except DatabaseError as e:
+                            if "ORA-29857" in str(e):
+                                self._handle_objects_preventing_db_destruction(
+                                    cursor, parameters, verbosity, autoclobber
+                                )
+                            else:
+                                # Ran into a database error that isn't about
+                                # leftover objects in the tablespace.
+                                self.log(
+                                    "Got an error destroying the old test database: %s"
+                                    % e
+                                )
+                                sys.exit(2)
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            self.log(
+                                "Got an error destroying the old test database: %s" % e
+                            )
+                            sys.exit(2)
+                        try:
+                            self._execute_test_db_creation(
+                                cursor, parameters, verbosity, keepdb
+                            )
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            self.log(
+                                "Got an error recreating the test database: %s" % e
+                            )
+                            sys.exit(2)
+                    else:
+                        self.log("Tests cancelled.")
+                        sys.exit(1)
+
+            if self._test_user_create():
+                if verbosity >= 1:
+                    self.log("Creating test user...")
+                try:
+                    self._create_test_user(cursor, parameters, verbosity, keepdb)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if "ORA-01920" not in str(e):
+                        # All errors except "user already exists" cancel tests
+                        self.log("Got an error creating the test user: %s" % e)
+                        sys.exit(2)
+                    if not autoclobber:
+                        confirm = input(
+                            "It appears the test user, %s, already exists. Type "
+                            "'yes' to delete it, or 'no' to cancel: "
+                            % parameters["user"]
+                        )
+                    if autoclobber or confirm == "yes":
+                        try:
+                            if verbosity >= 1:
+                                self.log("Destroying old test user...")
+                            self._destroy_test_user(cursor, parameters, verbosity)
+                            if verbosity >= 1:
+                                self.log("Creating test user...")
+                            self._create_test_user(
+                                cursor, parameters, verbosity, keepdb
+                            )
+                        except Exception as e:
+                            self.log("Got an error recreating the test user: %s" % e)
+                            sys.exit(2)
+                    else:
+                        self.log("Tests cancelled.")
+                        sys.exit(1)
+        # Done with main user -- test user and tablespaces created.
+        self._maindb_connection.close()
+        self._switch_to_test_user(parameters)
+        return self.connection.settings_dict["NAME"]
+
+    def _switch_to_test_user(self, parameters):
+        """
+        Switch to the user that's used for creating the test database.
+
+        Oracle doesn't have the concept of separate databases under the same
+        user, so a separate user is used; see _create_test_db(). The main user
+        is also needed for cleanup when testing is completed, so save its
+        credentials in the SAVED_USER/SAVED_PASSWORD key in the settings dict.
+        """
+        real_settings = settings.DATABASES[self.connection.alias]
+        real_settings["SAVED_USER"] = self.connection.settings_dict["SAVED_USER"] = (
+            self.connection.settings_dict["USER"]
+        )
+        real_settings["SAVED_PASSWORD"] = self.connection.settings_dict[
+            "SAVED_PASSWORD"
+        ] = self.connection.settings_dict["PASSWORD"]
+        real_test_settings = real_settings["TEST"]
+        test_settings = self.connection.settings_dict["TEST"]
+        real_test_settings["USER"] = real_settings["USER"] = test_settings["USER"] = (
+            self.connection.settings_dict["USER"]
+        ) = parameters["user"]
+        real_settings["PASSWORD"] = self.connection.settings_dict["PASSWORD"] = (
+            parameters["password"]
+        )
+
+    def set_as_test_mirror(self, primary_settings_dict):
+        """
+        Set this database up to be used in testing as a mirror of a primary
+        database whose settings are given.
+        """
+        self.connection.settings_dict["USER"] = primary_settings_dict["USER"]
+        self.connection.settings_dict["PASSWORD"] = primary_settings_dict["PASSWORD"]
+
+    def _handle_objects_preventing_db_destruction(
+        self, cursor, parameters, verbosity, autoclobber
+    ):
+        # There are objects in the test tablespace which prevent dropping it
+        # The easy fix is to drop the test user -- but are we allowed to do so?
+        self.log(
+            "There are objects in the old test database which prevent its destruction."
+            "\nIf they belong to the test user, deleting the user will allow the test "
+            "database to be recreated.\n"
+            "Otherwise, you will need to find and remove each of these objects, "
+            "or use a different tablespace.\n"
+        )
+        if self._test_user_create():
+            if not autoclobber:
+                confirm = input("Type 'yes' to delete user %s: " % parameters["user"])
+            if autoclobber or confirm == "yes":
+                try:
+                    if verbosity >= 1:
+                        self.log("Destroying old test user...")
+                    self._destroy_test_user(cursor, parameters, verbosity)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    self.log("Got an error destroying the test user: %s" % e)
+                    sys.exit(2)
+                try:
+                    if verbosity >= 1:
+                        self.log(
+                            "Destroying old test database for alias '%s'..."
+                            % self.connection.alias
+                        )
+                    self._execute_test_db_destruction(cursor, parameters, verbosity)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    self.log("Got an error destroying the test database: %s" % e)
+                    sys.exit(2)
+            else:
+                self.log("Tests cancelled -- test database cannot be recreated.")
+                sys.exit(1)
+        else:
+            self.log(
+                "Django is configured to use pre-existing test user '%s',"
+                " and will not attempt to delete it." % parameters["user"]
+            )
+            self.log("Tests cancelled -- test database cannot be recreated.")
+            sys.exit(1)
+
+    def _destroy_test_db(self, test_database_name, verbosity=1):
+        """
+        Destroy a test database, prompting the user for confirmation if the
+        database already exists. Return the name of the test database created.
+        """
+        self.connection.settings_dict["USER"] = self.connection.settings_dict[
+            "SAVED_USER"
+        ]
+        self.connection.settings_dict["PASSWORD"] = self.connection.settings_dict[
+            "SAVED_PASSWORD"
+        ]
+        self.connection.close()
+        parameters = self._get_test_db_params()
+        with self._maindb_connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            if self._test_user_create():
+                if verbosity >= 1:
+                    self.log("Destroying test user...")
+                self._destroy_test_user(cursor, parameters, verbosity)
+            if self._test_database_create():
+                if verbosity >= 1:
+                    self.log("Destroying test database tables...")
+                self._execute_test_db_destruction(cursor, parameters, verbosity)
+        self._maindb_connection.close()
+
+    def _execute_test_db_creation(self, cursor, parameters, verbosity, keepdb=False):
+        if verbosity >= 2:
+            self.log("_create_test_db(): dbname = %s" % parameters["user"])
+        if self._test_database_oracle_managed_files():
+            statements = [
+                """
+                CREATE TABLESPACE %(tblspace)s
+                DATAFILE SIZE %(size)s
+                AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT %(extsize)s MAXSIZE %(maxsize)s
+                """,
+                """
+                CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE %(tblspace_temp)s
+                TEMPFILE SIZE %(size_tmp)s
+                AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT %(extsize_tmp)s MAXSIZE %(maxsize_tmp)s
+                """,
+            ]
+        else:
+            statements = [
+                """
+                CREATE TABLESPACE %(tblspace)s
+                DATAFILE '%(datafile)s' SIZE %(size)s REUSE
+                AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT %(extsize)s MAXSIZE %(maxsize)s
+                """,
+                """
+                CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE %(tblspace_temp)s
+                TEMPFILE '%(datafile_tmp)s' SIZE %(size_tmp)s REUSE
+                AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT %(extsize_tmp)s MAXSIZE %(maxsize_tmp)s
+                """,
+            ]
+        # Ignore "tablespace already exists" error when keepdb is on.
+        acceptable_ora_err = "ORA-01543" if keepdb else None
+        self._execute_allow_fail_statements(
+            cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity, acceptable_ora_err
+        )
+
+    def _create_test_user(self, cursor, parameters, verbosity, keepdb=False):
+        if verbosity >= 2:
+            self.log("_create_test_user(): username = %s" % parameters["user"])
+        statements = [
+            """CREATE USER %(user)s
+               IDENTIFIED BY "%(password)s"
+               DEFAULT TABLESPACE %(tblspace)s
+               TEMPORARY TABLESPACE %(tblspace_temp)s
+               QUOTA UNLIMITED ON %(tblspace)s
+            """,
+            """GRANT CREATE SESSION,
+                     CREATE TABLE,
+                     CREATE SEQUENCE,
+                     CREATE PROCEDURE,
+                     CREATE TRIGGER
+               TO %(user)s""",
+        ]
+        # Ignore "user already exists" error when keepdb is on
+        acceptable_ora_err = "ORA-01920" if keepdb else None
+        success = self._execute_allow_fail_statements(
+            cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity, acceptable_ora_err
+        )
+        # If the password was randomly generated, change the user accordingly.
+        if not success and self._test_settings_get("PASSWORD") is None:
+            set_password = 'ALTER USER %(user)s IDENTIFIED BY "%(password)s"'
+            self._execute_statements(cursor, [set_password], parameters, verbosity)
+        # Most test suites can be run without "create view" and
+        # "create materialized view" privileges. But some need it.
+        for object_type in ("VIEW", "MATERIALIZED VIEW"):
+            extra = "GRANT CREATE %(object_type)s TO %(user)s"
+            parameters["object_type"] = object_type
+            success = self._execute_allow_fail_statements(
+                cursor, [extra], parameters, verbosity, "ORA-01031"
+            )
+            if not success and verbosity >= 2:
+                self.log(
+                    "Failed to grant CREATE %s permission to test user. This may be ok."
+                    % object_type
+                )
+
+    def _execute_test_db_destruction(self, cursor, parameters, verbosity):
+        if verbosity >= 2:
+            self.log("_execute_test_db_destruction(): dbname=%s" % parameters["user"])
+        statements = [
+            "DROP TABLESPACE %(tblspace)s "
+            "INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS",
+            "DROP TABLESPACE %(tblspace_temp)s "
+            "INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES CASCADE CONSTRAINTS",
+        ]
+        self._execute_statements(cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity)
+
+    def _destroy_test_user(self, cursor, parameters, verbosity):
+        if verbosity >= 2:
+            self.log("_destroy_test_user(): user=%s" % parameters["user"])
+            self.log("Be patient. This can take some time...")
+        statements = [
+            "DROP USER %(user)s CASCADE",
+        ]
+        self._execute_statements(cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity)
+
+    def _execute_statements(
+        self, cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity, allow_quiet_fail=False
+    ):
+        for template in statements:
+            stmt = template % parameters
+            if verbosity >= 2:
+                print(stmt)
+            try:
+                cursor.execute(stmt)
+            except Exception as err:
+                if (not allow_quiet_fail) or verbosity >= 2:
+                    self.log("Failed (%s)" % (err))
+                raise
+
+    def _execute_allow_fail_statements(
+        self, cursor, statements, parameters, verbosity, acceptable_ora_err
+    ):
+        """
+        Execute statements which are allowed to fail silently if the Oracle
+        error code given by `acceptable_ora_err` is raised. Return True if the
+        statements execute without an exception, or False otherwise.
+        """
+        try:
+            # Statement can fail when acceptable_ora_err is not None
+            allow_quiet_fail = (
+                acceptable_ora_err is not None and len(acceptable_ora_err) > 0
+            )
+            self._execute_statements(
+                cursor,
+                statements,
+                parameters,
+                verbosity,
+                allow_quiet_fail=allow_quiet_fail,
+            )
+            return True
+        except DatabaseError as err:
+            description = str(err)
+            if acceptable_ora_err is None or acceptable_ora_err not in description:
+                raise
+            return False
+
+    def _get_test_db_params(self):
+        return {
+            "dbname": self._test_database_name(),
+            "user": self._test_database_user(),
+            "password": self._test_database_passwd(),
+            "tblspace": self._test_database_tblspace(),
+            "tblspace_temp": self._test_database_tblspace_tmp(),
+            "datafile": self._test_database_tblspace_datafile(),
+            "datafile_tmp": self._test_database_tblspace_tmp_datafile(),
+            "maxsize": self._test_database_tblspace_maxsize(),
+            "maxsize_tmp": self._test_database_tblspace_tmp_maxsize(),
+            "size": self._test_database_tblspace_size(),
+            "size_tmp": self._test_database_tblspace_tmp_size(),
+            "extsize": self._test_database_tblspace_extsize(),
+            "extsize_tmp": self._test_database_tblspace_tmp_extsize(),
+        }
+
+    def _test_settings_get(self, key, default=None, prefixed=None):
+        """
+        Return a value from the test settings dict, or a given default, or a
+        prefixed entry from the main settings dict.
+        """
+        settings_dict = self.connection.settings_dict
+        val = settings_dict["TEST"].get(key, default)
+        if val is None and prefixed:
+            val = TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX + settings_dict[prefixed]
+        return val
+
+    def _test_database_name(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("NAME", prefixed="NAME")
+
+    def _test_database_create(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("CREATE_DB", default=True)
+
+    def _test_user_create(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("CREATE_USER", default=True)
+
+    def _test_database_user(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("USER", prefixed="USER")
+
+    def _test_database_passwd(self):
+        password = self._test_settings_get("PASSWORD")
+        if password is None and self._test_user_create():
+            # Oracle passwords are limited to 30 chars and can't contain symbols.
+            password = get_random_string(30)
+        return password
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("TBLSPACE", prefixed="USER")
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace_tmp(self):
+        settings_dict = self.connection.settings_dict
+        return settings_dict["TEST"].get(
+            "TBLSPACE_TMP", TEST_DATABASE_PREFIX + settings_dict["USER"] + "_temp"
+        )
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace_datafile(self):
+        tblspace = "%s.dbf" % self._test_database_tblspace()
+        return self._test_settings_get("DATAFILE", default=tblspace)
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace_tmp_datafile(self):
+        tblspace = "%s.dbf" % self._test_database_tblspace_tmp()
+        return self._test_settings_get("DATAFILE_TMP", default=tblspace)
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace_maxsize(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("DATAFILE_MAXSIZE", default="500M")
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace_tmp_maxsize(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("DATAFILE_TMP_MAXSIZE", default="500M")
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace_size(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("DATAFILE_SIZE", default="50M")
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace_tmp_size(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("DATAFILE_TMP_SIZE", default="50M")
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace_extsize(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("DATAFILE_EXTSIZE", default="25M")
+
+    def _test_database_tblspace_tmp_extsize(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("DATAFILE_TMP_EXTSIZE", default="25M")
+
+    def _test_database_oracle_managed_files(self):
+        return self._test_settings_get("ORACLE_MANAGED_FILES", default=False)
+
+    def _get_test_db_name(self):
+        """
+        Return the 'production' DB name to get the test DB creation machinery
+        to work. This isn't a great deal in this case because DB names as
+        handled by Django don't have real counterparts in Oracle.
+        """
+        return self.connection.settings_dict["NAME"]
+
+    def test_db_signature(self):
+        settings_dict = self.connection.settings_dict
+        return (
+            settings_dict["HOST"],
+            settings_dict["PORT"],
+            settings_dict["ENGINE"],
+            settings_dict["NAME"],
+            self._test_database_user(),
+        )

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/features.py

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+from django.db import DatabaseError, InterfaceError
+from django.db.backends.base.features import BaseDatabaseFeatures
+from django.db.backends.oracle.oracledb_any import is_oracledb
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+
+
+class DatabaseFeatures(BaseDatabaseFeatures):
+    minimum_database_version = (19,)
+    # Oracle crashes with "ORA-00932: inconsistent datatypes: expected - got
+    # BLOB" when grouping by LOBs (#24096).
+    allows_group_by_lob = False
+    allows_group_by_select_index = False
+    interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls = True
+    has_select_for_update = True
+    has_select_for_update_nowait = True
+    has_select_for_update_skip_locked = True
+    has_select_for_update_of = True
+    select_for_update_of_column = True
+    can_return_columns_from_insert = True
+    supports_subqueries_in_group_by = False
+    ignores_unnecessary_order_by_in_subqueries = False
+    supports_transactions = True
+    supports_timezones = False
+    has_native_duration_field = True
+    can_defer_constraint_checks = True
+    supports_partially_nullable_unique_constraints = False
+    supports_deferrable_unique_constraints = True
+    truncates_names = True
+    supports_comments = True
+    supports_tablespaces = True
+    supports_sequence_reset = False
+    can_introspect_materialized_views = True
+    atomic_transactions = False
+    nulls_order_largest = True
+    requires_literal_defaults = True
+    supports_default_keyword_in_bulk_insert = False
+    closed_cursor_error_class = InterfaceError
+    bare_select_suffix = " FROM DUAL"
+    # Select for update with limit can be achieved on Oracle, but not with the
+    # current backend.
+    supports_select_for_update_with_limit = False
+    supports_temporal_subtraction = True
+    # Oracle doesn't ignore quoted identifiers case but the current backend
+    # does by uppercasing all identifiers.
+    ignores_table_name_case = True
+    supports_index_on_text_field = False
+    create_test_procedure_without_params_sql = """
+        CREATE PROCEDURE "TEST_PROCEDURE" AS
+            V_I INTEGER;
+        BEGIN
+            V_I := 1;
+        END;
+    """
+    create_test_procedure_with_int_param_sql = """
+        CREATE PROCEDURE "TEST_PROCEDURE" (P_I INTEGER) AS
+            V_I INTEGER;
+        BEGIN
+            V_I := P_I;
+        END;
+    """
+    create_test_table_with_composite_primary_key = """
+        CREATE TABLE test_table_composite_pk (
+            column_1 NUMBER(11) NOT NULL,
+            column_2 NUMBER(11) NOT NULL,
+            PRIMARY KEY (column_1, column_2)
+        )
+    """
+    supports_callproc_kwargs = True
+    supports_over_clause = True
+    supports_frame_range_fixed_distance = True
+    supports_ignore_conflicts = False
+    max_query_params = 2**16 - 1
+    supports_partial_indexes = False
+    supports_stored_generated_columns = False
+    supports_virtual_generated_columns = True
+    can_rename_index = True
+    supports_slicing_ordering_in_compound = True
+    requires_compound_order_by_subquery = True
+    allows_multiple_constraints_on_same_fields = False
+    supports_comparing_boolean_expr = False
+    supports_json_field_contains = False
+    supports_collation_on_textfield = False
+    test_now_utc_template = "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'"
+    django_test_expected_failures = {
+        # A bug in Django/oracledb with respect to string handling (#23843).
+        "annotations.tests.NonAggregateAnnotationTestCase.test_custom_functions",
+        "annotations.tests.NonAggregateAnnotationTestCase."
+        "test_custom_functions_can_ref_other_functions",
+    }
+    insert_test_table_with_defaults = (
+        "INSERT INTO {} VALUES (DEFAULT, DEFAULT, DEFAULT)"
+    )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def django_test_skips(self):
+        skips = {
+            "Oracle doesn't support SHA224.": {
+                "db_functions.text.test_sha224.SHA224Tests.test_basic",
+                "db_functions.text.test_sha224.SHA224Tests.test_transform",
+            },
+            "Oracle doesn't correctly calculate ISO 8601 week numbering before "
+            "1583 (the Gregorian calendar was introduced in 1582).": {
+                "db_functions.datetime.test_extract_trunc.DateFunctionTests."
+                "test_trunc_week_before_1000",
+                "db_functions.datetime.test_extract_trunc."
+                "DateFunctionWithTimeZoneTests.test_trunc_week_before_1000",
+            },
+            "Oracle extracts seconds including fractional seconds (#33517).": {
+                "db_functions.datetime.test_extract_trunc.DateFunctionTests."
+                "test_extract_second_func_no_fractional",
+                "db_functions.datetime.test_extract_trunc."
+                "DateFunctionWithTimeZoneTests.test_extract_second_func_no_fractional",
+            },
+            "Oracle doesn't support bitwise XOR.": {
+                "expressions.tests.ExpressionOperatorTests.test_lefthand_bitwise_xor",
+                "expressions.tests.ExpressionOperatorTests."
+                "test_lefthand_bitwise_xor_null",
+                "expressions.tests.ExpressionOperatorTests."
+                "test_lefthand_bitwise_xor_right_null",
+            },
+            "Oracle requires ORDER BY in row_number, ANSI:SQL doesn't.": {
+                "expressions_window.tests.WindowFunctionTests."
+                "test_row_number_no_ordering",
+            },
+            "Raises ORA-00600: internal error code.": {
+                "model_fields.test_jsonfield.TestQuerying.test_usage_in_subquery",
+            },
+            "Oracle doesn't support changing collations on indexed columns (#33671).": {
+                "migrations.test_operations.OperationTests."
+                "test_alter_field_pk_fk_db_collation",
+            },
+            "Oracle doesn't support comparing NCLOB to NUMBER.": {
+                "generic_relations_regress.tests.GenericRelationTests."
+                "test_textlink_filter",
+            },
+            "Oracle doesn't support casting filters to NUMBER.": {
+                "lookup.tests.LookupQueryingTests.test_aggregate_combined_lookup",
+            },
+        }
+        if is_oracledb and self.connection.oracledb_version >= (2, 1, 2):
+            skips.update(
+                {
+                    "python-oracledb 2.1.2+ no longer hides 'ORA-1403: no data found' "
+                    "exceptions raised in database triggers.": {
+                        "backends.oracle.tests.TransactionalTests."
+                        "test_hidden_no_data_found_exception"
+                    },
+                },
+            )
+        return skips
+
+    @cached_property
+    def introspected_field_types(self):
+        return {
+            **super().introspected_field_types,
+            "GenericIPAddressField": "CharField",
+            "PositiveBigIntegerField": "BigIntegerField",
+            "PositiveIntegerField": "IntegerField",
+            "PositiveSmallIntegerField": "IntegerField",
+            "SmallIntegerField": "IntegerField",
+            "TimeField": "DateTimeField",
+        }
+
+    @cached_property
+    def test_collations(self):
+        return {
+            "ci": "BINARY_CI",
+            "cs": "BINARY",
+            "non_default": "SWEDISH_CI",
+            "swedish_ci": "SWEDISH_CI",
+            "virtual": "SWEDISH_CI" if self.supports_collation_on_charfield else None,
+        }
+
+    @cached_property
+    def supports_collation_on_charfield(self):
+        with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            try:
+                cursor.execute("SELECT CAST('a' AS VARCHAR2(4001)) FROM dual")
+            except DatabaseError as e:
+                if e.args[0].code == 910:
+                    return False
+                raise
+            return True
+
+    @cached_property
+    def supports_primitives_in_json_field(self):
+        return self.connection.oracle_version >= (21,)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def supports_boolean_expr_in_select_clause(self):
+        return self.connection.oracle_version >= (23,)

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/functions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from django.db.models import DecimalField, DurationField, Func
+
+
+class IntervalToSeconds(Func):
+    function = ""
+    template = """
+    EXTRACT(day from %(expressions)s) * 86400 +
+    EXTRACT(hour from %(expressions)s) * 3600 +
+    EXTRACT(minute from %(expressions)s) * 60 +
+    EXTRACT(second from %(expressions)s)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, *, output_field=None, **extra):
+        super().__init__(
+            expression, output_field=output_field or DecimalField(), **extra
+        )
+
+
+class SecondsToInterval(Func):
+    function = "NUMTODSINTERVAL"
+    template = "%(function)s(%(expressions)s, 'SECOND')"
+
+    def __init__(self, expression, *, output_field=None, **extra):
+        super().__init__(
+            expression, output_field=output_field or DurationField(), **extra
+        )

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/introspection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,414 @@
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+from django.db import models
+from django.db.backends.base.introspection import BaseDatabaseIntrospection
+from django.db.backends.base.introspection import FieldInfo as BaseFieldInfo
+from django.db.backends.base.introspection import TableInfo as BaseTableInfo
+from django.db.backends.oracle.oracledb_any import oracledb
+
+FieldInfo = namedtuple(
+    "FieldInfo", BaseFieldInfo._fields + ("is_autofield", "is_json", "comment")
+)
+TableInfo = namedtuple("TableInfo", BaseTableInfo._fields + ("comment",))
+
+
+class DatabaseIntrospection(BaseDatabaseIntrospection):
+    cache_bust_counter = 1
+
+    # Maps type objects to Django Field types.
+    data_types_reverse = {
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_DATE: "DateField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_BINARY_DOUBLE: "FloatField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_BLOB: "BinaryField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_CHAR: "CharField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_CLOB: "TextField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_INTERVAL_DS: "DurationField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_NCHAR: "CharField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_NCLOB: "TextField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_NVARCHAR: "CharField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_NUMBER: "DecimalField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_TIMESTAMP: "DateTimeField",
+        oracledb.DB_TYPE_VARCHAR: "CharField",
+    }
+
+    def get_field_type(self, data_type, description):
+        if data_type == oracledb.NUMBER:
+            precision, scale = description[4:6]
+            if scale == 0:
+                if precision > 11:
+                    return (
+                        "BigAutoField"
+                        if description.is_autofield
+                        else "BigIntegerField"
+                    )
+                elif 1 < precision < 6 and description.is_autofield:
+                    return "SmallAutoField"
+                elif precision == 1:
+                    return "BooleanField"
+                elif description.is_autofield:
+                    return "AutoField"
+                else:
+                    return "IntegerField"
+            elif scale == -127:
+                return "FloatField"
+        elif data_type == oracledb.NCLOB and description.is_json:
+            return "JSONField"
+
+        return super().get_field_type(data_type, description)
+
+    def get_table_list(self, cursor):
+        """Return a list of table and view names in the current database."""
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT
+                user_tables.table_name,
+                't',
+                user_tab_comments.comments
+            FROM user_tables
+            LEFT OUTER JOIN
+                user_tab_comments
+                ON user_tab_comments.table_name = user_tables.table_name
+            WHERE
+                NOT EXISTS (
+                    SELECT 1
+                    FROM user_mviews
+                    WHERE user_mviews.mview_name = user_tables.table_name
+                )
+            UNION ALL
+            SELECT view_name, 'v', NULL FROM user_views
+            UNION ALL
+            SELECT mview_name, 'v', NULL FROM user_mviews
+        """
+        )
+        return [
+            TableInfo(self.identifier_converter(row[0]), row[1], row[2])
+            for row in cursor.fetchall()
+        ]
+
+    def get_table_description(self, cursor, table_name):
+        """
+        Return a description of the table with the DB-API cursor.description
+        interface.
+        """
+        # A default collation for the given table/view/materialized view.
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT user_tables.default_collation
+            FROM user_tables
+            WHERE
+                user_tables.table_name = UPPER(%s) AND
+                NOT EXISTS (
+                    SELECT 1
+                    FROM user_mviews
+                    WHERE user_mviews.mview_name = user_tables.table_name
+                )
+            UNION ALL
+            SELECT user_views.default_collation
+            FROM user_views
+            WHERE user_views.view_name = UPPER(%s)
+            UNION ALL
+            SELECT user_mviews.default_collation
+            FROM user_mviews
+            WHERE user_mviews.mview_name = UPPER(%s)
+            """,
+            [table_name, table_name, table_name],
+        )
+        row = cursor.fetchone()
+        default_table_collation = row[0] if row else ""
+        # user_tab_columns gives data default for columns
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT
+                user_tab_cols.column_name,
+                user_tab_cols.data_default,
+                CASE
+                    WHEN user_tab_cols.collation = %s
+                    THEN NULL
+                    ELSE user_tab_cols.collation
+                END collation,
+                CASE
+                    WHEN user_tab_cols.char_used IS NULL
+                    THEN user_tab_cols.data_length
+                    ELSE user_tab_cols.char_length
+                END as display_size,
+                CASE
+                    WHEN user_tab_cols.identity_column = 'YES' THEN 1
+                    ELSE 0
+                END as is_autofield,
+                CASE
+                    WHEN EXISTS (
+                        SELECT  1
+                        FROM user_json_columns
+                        WHERE
+                            user_json_columns.table_name = user_tab_cols.table_name AND
+                            user_json_columns.column_name = user_tab_cols.column_name
+                    )
+                    THEN 1
+                    ELSE 0
+                END as is_json,
+                user_col_comments.comments as col_comment
+            FROM user_tab_cols
+            LEFT OUTER JOIN
+                user_col_comments ON
+                user_col_comments.column_name = user_tab_cols.column_name AND
+                user_col_comments.table_name = user_tab_cols.table_name
+            WHERE user_tab_cols.table_name = UPPER(%s)
+            """,
+            [default_table_collation, table_name],
+        )
+        field_map = {
+            column: (
+                display_size,
+                default.rstrip() if default and default != "NULL" else None,
+                collation,
+                is_autofield,
+                is_json,
+                comment,
+            )
+            for (
+                column,
+                default,
+                collation,
+                display_size,
+                is_autofield,
+                is_json,
+                comment,
+            ) in cursor.fetchall()
+        }
+        self.cache_bust_counter += 1
+        cursor.execute(
+            "SELECT * FROM {} WHERE ROWNUM < 2 AND {} > 0".format(
+                self.connection.ops.quote_name(table_name), self.cache_bust_counter
+            )
+        )
+        description = []
+        for desc in cursor.description:
+            name = desc[0]
+            (
+                display_size,
+                default,
+                collation,
+                is_autofield,
+                is_json,
+                comment,
+            ) = field_map[name]
+            name %= {}  # oracledb, for some reason, doubles percent signs.
+            description.append(
+                FieldInfo(
+                    self.identifier_converter(name),
+                    desc[1],
+                    display_size,
+                    desc[3],
+                    desc[4] or 0,
+                    desc[5] or 0,
+                    *desc[6:],
+                    default,
+                    collation,
+                    is_autofield,
+                    is_json,
+                    comment,
+                )
+            )
+        return description
+
+    def identifier_converter(self, name):
+        """Identifier comparison is case insensitive under Oracle."""
+        return name.lower()
+
+    def get_sequences(self, cursor, table_name, table_fields=()):
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT
+                user_tab_identity_cols.sequence_name,
+                user_tab_identity_cols.column_name
+            FROM
+                user_tab_identity_cols,
+                user_constraints,
+                user_cons_columns cols
+            WHERE
+                user_constraints.constraint_name = cols.constraint_name
+                AND user_constraints.table_name = user_tab_identity_cols.table_name
+                AND cols.column_name = user_tab_identity_cols.column_name
+                AND user_constraints.constraint_type = 'P'
+                AND user_tab_identity_cols.table_name = UPPER(%s)
+            """,
+            [table_name],
+        )
+        # Oracle allows only one identity column per table.
+        row = cursor.fetchone()
+        if row:
+            return [
+                {
+                    "name": self.identifier_converter(row[0]),
+                    "table": self.identifier_converter(table_name),
+                    "column": self.identifier_converter(row[1]),
+                }
+            ]
+        # To keep backward compatibility for AutoFields that aren't Oracle
+        # identity columns.
+        for f in table_fields:
+            if isinstance(f, models.AutoField):
+                return [{"table": table_name, "column": f.column}]
+        return []
+
+    def get_relations(self, cursor, table_name):
+        """
+        Return a dictionary of {field_name: (field_name_other_table, other_table)}
+        representing all foreign keys in the given table.
+        """
+        table_name = table_name.upper()
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+    SELECT ca.column_name, cb.table_name, cb.column_name
+    FROM   user_constraints, USER_CONS_COLUMNS ca, USER_CONS_COLUMNS cb
+    WHERE  user_constraints.table_name = %s AND
+           user_constraints.constraint_name = ca.constraint_name AND
+           user_constraints.r_constraint_name = cb.constraint_name AND
+           ca.position = cb.position""",
+            [table_name],
+        )
+
+        return {
+            self.identifier_converter(field_name): (
+                self.identifier_converter(rel_field_name),
+                self.identifier_converter(rel_table_name),
+            )
+            for field_name, rel_table_name, rel_field_name in cursor.fetchall()
+        }
+
+    def get_primary_key_columns(self, cursor, table_name):
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT
+                cols.column_name
+            FROM
+                user_constraints,
+                user_cons_columns cols
+            WHERE
+                user_constraints.constraint_name = cols.constraint_name AND
+                user_constraints.constraint_type = 'P' AND
+                user_constraints.table_name = UPPER(%s)
+            ORDER BY
+                cols.position
+            """,
+            [table_name],
+        )
+        return [self.identifier_converter(row[0]) for row in cursor.fetchall()]
+
+    def get_constraints(self, cursor, table_name):
+        """
+        Retrieve any constraints or keys (unique, pk, fk, check, index) across
+        one or more columns.
+        """
+        constraints = {}
+        # Loop over the constraints, getting PKs, uniques, and checks
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT
+                user_constraints.constraint_name,
+                LISTAGG(LOWER(cols.column_name), ',')
+                    WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY cols.position),
+                CASE user_constraints.constraint_type
+                    WHEN 'P' THEN 1
+                    ELSE 0
+                END AS is_primary_key,
+                CASE
+                    WHEN user_constraints.constraint_type IN ('P', 'U') THEN 1
+                    ELSE 0
+                END AS is_unique,
+                CASE user_constraints.constraint_type
+                    WHEN 'C' THEN 1
+                    ELSE 0
+                END AS is_check_constraint
+            FROM
+                user_constraints
+            LEFT OUTER JOIN
+                user_cons_columns cols
+                ON user_constraints.constraint_name = cols.constraint_name
+            WHERE
+                user_constraints.constraint_type = ANY('P', 'U', 'C')
+                AND user_constraints.table_name = UPPER(%s)
+            GROUP BY user_constraints.constraint_name, user_constraints.constraint_type
+            """,
+            [table_name],
+        )
+        for constraint, columns, pk, unique, check in cursor.fetchall():
+            constraint = self.identifier_converter(constraint)
+            constraints[constraint] = {
+                "columns": columns.split(","),
+                "primary_key": pk,
+                "unique": unique,
+                "foreign_key": None,
+                "check": check,
+                "index": unique,  # All uniques come with an index
+            }
+        # Foreign key constraints
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT
+                cons.constraint_name,
+                LISTAGG(LOWER(cols.column_name), ',')
+                    WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY cols.position),
+                LOWER(rcols.table_name),
+                LOWER(rcols.column_name)
+            FROM
+                user_constraints cons
+            INNER JOIN
+                user_cons_columns rcols
+                ON rcols.constraint_name = cons.r_constraint_name AND rcols.position = 1
+            LEFT OUTER JOIN
+                user_cons_columns cols
+                ON cons.constraint_name = cols.constraint_name
+            WHERE
+                cons.constraint_type = 'R' AND
+                cons.table_name = UPPER(%s)
+            GROUP BY cons.constraint_name, rcols.table_name, rcols.column_name
+            """,
+            [table_name],
+        )
+        for constraint, columns, other_table, other_column in cursor.fetchall():
+            constraint = self.identifier_converter(constraint)
+            constraints[constraint] = {
+                "primary_key": False,
+                "unique": False,
+                "foreign_key": (other_table, other_column),
+                "check": False,
+                "index": False,
+                "columns": columns.split(","),
+            }
+        # Now get indexes
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT
+                ind.index_name,
+                LOWER(ind.index_type),
+                LOWER(ind.uniqueness),
+                LISTAGG(LOWER(cols.column_name), ',')
+                    WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY cols.column_position),
+                LISTAGG(cols.descend, ',') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY cols.column_position)
+            FROM
+                user_ind_columns cols, user_indexes ind
+            WHERE
+                cols.table_name = UPPER(%s) AND
+                NOT EXISTS (
+                    SELECT 1
+                    FROM user_constraints cons
+                    WHERE ind.index_name = cons.index_name
+                ) AND cols.index_name = ind.index_name
+            GROUP BY ind.index_name, ind.index_type, ind.uniqueness
+            """,
+            [table_name],
+        )
+        for constraint, type_, unique, columns, orders in cursor.fetchall():
+            constraint = self.identifier_converter(constraint)
+            constraints[constraint] = {
+                "primary_key": False,
+                "unique": unique == "unique",
+                "foreign_key": None,
+                "check": False,
+                "index": True,
+                "type": "idx" if type_ == "normal" else type_,
+                "columns": columns.split(","),
+                "orders": orders.split(","),
+            }
+        return constraints

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/operations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,724 @@
+import datetime
+import uuid
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.db import DatabaseError, NotSupportedError
+from django.db.backends.base.operations import BaseDatabaseOperations
+from django.db.backends.utils import split_tzname_delta, strip_quotes, truncate_name
+from django.db.models import AutoField, Exists, ExpressionWrapper, Lookup
+from django.db.models.expressions import RawSQL
+from django.db.models.sql.where import WhereNode
+from django.utils import timezone
+from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_str
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+from django.utils.regex_helper import _lazy_re_compile
+
+from .base import Database
+from .utils import BulkInsertMapper, InsertVar, Oracle_datetime
+
+
+class DatabaseOperations(BaseDatabaseOperations):
+    # Oracle uses NUMBER(5), NUMBER(11), and NUMBER(19) for integer fields.
+    # SmallIntegerField uses NUMBER(11) instead of NUMBER(5), which is used by
+    # SmallAutoField, to preserve backward compatibility.
+    integer_field_ranges = {
+        "SmallIntegerField": (-99999999999, 99999999999),
+        "IntegerField": (-99999999999, 99999999999),
+        "BigIntegerField": (-9999999999999999999, 9999999999999999999),
+        "PositiveBigIntegerField": (0, 9999999999999999999),
+        "PositiveSmallIntegerField": (0, 99999999999),
+        "PositiveIntegerField": (0, 99999999999),
+        "SmallAutoField": (-99999, 99999),
+        "AutoField": (-99999999999, 99999999999),
+        "BigAutoField": (-9999999999999999999, 9999999999999999999),
+    }
+    set_operators = {**BaseDatabaseOperations.set_operators, "difference": "MINUS"}
+
+    # TODO: colorize this SQL code with style.SQL_KEYWORD(), etc.
+    _sequence_reset_sql = """
+DECLARE
+    table_value integer;
+    seq_value integer;
+    seq_name user_tab_identity_cols.sequence_name%%TYPE;
+BEGIN
+    BEGIN
+        SELECT sequence_name INTO seq_name FROM user_tab_identity_cols
+        WHERE  table_name = '%(table_name)s' AND
+               column_name = '%(column_name)s';
+        EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
+            seq_name := '%(no_autofield_sequence_name)s';
+    END;
+
+    SELECT NVL(MAX(%(column)s), 0) INTO table_value FROM %(table)s;
+    SELECT NVL(last_number - cache_size, 0) INTO seq_value FROM user_sequences
+           WHERE sequence_name = seq_name;
+    WHILE table_value > seq_value LOOP
+        EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT "'||seq_name||'".nextval FROM DUAL'
+        INTO seq_value;
+    END LOOP;
+END;
+/"""
+
+    # Oracle doesn't support string without precision; use the max string size.
+    cast_char_field_without_max_length = "NVARCHAR2(2000)"
+    cast_data_types = {
+        "AutoField": "NUMBER(11)",
+        "BigAutoField": "NUMBER(19)",
+        "SmallAutoField": "NUMBER(5)",
+        "TextField": cast_char_field_without_max_length,
+    }
+
+    def cache_key_culling_sql(self):
+        cache_key = self.quote_name("cache_key")
+        return (
+            f"SELECT {cache_key} "
+            f"FROM %s "
+            f"ORDER BY {cache_key} OFFSET %%s ROWS FETCH FIRST 1 ROWS ONLY"
+        )
+
+    # EXTRACT format cannot be passed in parameters.
+    _extract_format_re = _lazy_re_compile(r"[A-Z_]+")
+
+    def date_extract_sql(self, lookup_type, sql, params):
+        extract_sql = f"TO_CHAR({sql}, %s)"
+        extract_param = None
+        if lookup_type == "week_day":
+            # TO_CHAR(field, 'D') returns an integer from 1-7, where 1=Sunday.
+            extract_param = "D"
+        elif lookup_type == "iso_week_day":
+            extract_sql = f"TO_CHAR({sql} - 1, %s)"
+            extract_param = "D"
+        elif lookup_type == "week":
+            # IW = ISO week number
+            extract_param = "IW"
+        elif lookup_type == "quarter":
+            extract_param = "Q"
+        elif lookup_type == "iso_year":
+            extract_param = "IYYY"
+        else:
+            lookup_type = lookup_type.upper()
+            if not self._extract_format_re.fullmatch(lookup_type):
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid loookup type: {lookup_type!r}")
+            # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/EXTRACT-datetime.html
+            return f"EXTRACT({lookup_type} FROM {sql})", params
+        return extract_sql, (*params, extract_param)
+
+    def date_trunc_sql(self, lookup_type, sql, params, tzname=None):
+        sql, params = self._convert_sql_to_tz(sql, params, tzname)
+        # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/ROUND-and-TRUNC-Date-Functions.html
+        trunc_param = None
+        if lookup_type in ("year", "month"):
+            trunc_param = lookup_type.upper()
+        elif lookup_type == "quarter":
+            trunc_param = "Q"
+        elif lookup_type == "week":
+            trunc_param = "IW"
+        else:
+            return f"TRUNC({sql})", params
+        return f"TRUNC({sql}, %s)", (*params, trunc_param)
+
+    # Oracle crashes with "ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel"
+    # if the time zone name is passed in parameter. Use interpolation instead.
+    # https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/django-developers/zwQju7hbG78/9l934yelwfsJ
+    # This regexp matches all time zone names from the zoneinfo database.
+    _tzname_re = _lazy_re_compile(r"^[\w/:+-]+$")
+
+    def _prepare_tzname_delta(self, tzname):
+        tzname, sign, offset = split_tzname_delta(tzname)
+        return f"{sign}{offset}" if offset else tzname
+
+    def _convert_sql_to_tz(self, sql, params, tzname):
+        if not (settings.USE_TZ and tzname):
+            return sql, params
+        if not self._tzname_re.match(tzname):
+            raise ValueError("Invalid time zone name: %s" % tzname)
+        # Convert from connection timezone to the local time, returning
+        # TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE and cast it back to TIMESTAMP to strip the
+        # TIME ZONE details.
+        if self.connection.timezone_name != tzname:
+            from_timezone_name = self.connection.timezone_name
+            to_timezone_name = self._prepare_tzname_delta(tzname)
+            return (
+                f"CAST((FROM_TZ({sql}, '{from_timezone_name}') AT TIME ZONE "
+                f"'{to_timezone_name}') AS TIMESTAMP)",
+                params,
+            )
+        return sql, params
+
+    def datetime_cast_date_sql(self, sql, params, tzname):
+        sql, params = self._convert_sql_to_tz(sql, params, tzname)
+        return f"TRUNC({sql})", params
+
+    def datetime_cast_time_sql(self, sql, params, tzname):
+        # Since `TimeField` values are stored as TIMESTAMP change to the
+        # default date and convert the field to the specified timezone.
+        sql, params = self._convert_sql_to_tz(sql, params, tzname)
+        convert_datetime_sql = (
+            f"TO_TIMESTAMP(CONCAT('1900-01-01 ', TO_CHAR({sql}, 'HH24:MI:SS.FF')), "
+            f"'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF')"
+        )
+        return (
+            f"CASE WHEN {sql} IS NOT NULL THEN {convert_datetime_sql} ELSE NULL END",
+            (*params, *params),
+        )
+
+    def datetime_extract_sql(self, lookup_type, sql, params, tzname):
+        sql, params = self._convert_sql_to_tz(sql, params, tzname)
+        return self.date_extract_sql(lookup_type, sql, params)
+
+    def datetime_trunc_sql(self, lookup_type, sql, params, tzname):
+        sql, params = self._convert_sql_to_tz(sql, params, tzname)
+        # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf/ROUND-and-TRUNC-Date-Functions.html
+        trunc_param = None
+        if lookup_type in ("year", "month"):
+            trunc_param = lookup_type.upper()
+        elif lookup_type == "quarter":
+            trunc_param = "Q"
+        elif lookup_type == "week":
+            trunc_param = "IW"
+        elif lookup_type == "hour":
+            trunc_param = "HH24"
+        elif lookup_type == "minute":
+            trunc_param = "MI"
+        elif lookup_type == "day":
+            return f"TRUNC({sql})", params
+        else:
+            # Cast to DATE removes sub-second precision.
+            return f"CAST({sql} AS DATE)", params
+        return f"TRUNC({sql}, %s)", (*params, trunc_param)
+
+    def time_trunc_sql(self, lookup_type, sql, params, tzname=None):
+        # The implementation is similar to `datetime_trunc_sql` as both
+        # `DateTimeField` and `TimeField` are stored as TIMESTAMP where
+        # the date part of the later is ignored.
+        sql, params = self._convert_sql_to_tz(sql, params, tzname)
+        trunc_param = None
+        if lookup_type == "hour":
+            trunc_param = "HH24"
+        elif lookup_type == "minute":
+            trunc_param = "MI"
+        elif lookup_type == "second":
+            # Cast to DATE removes sub-second precision.
+            return f"CAST({sql} AS DATE)", params
+        return f"TRUNC({sql}, %s)", (*params, trunc_param)
+
+    def get_db_converters(self, expression):
+        converters = super().get_db_converters(expression)
+        internal_type = expression.output_field.get_internal_type()
+        if internal_type in ["JSONField", "TextField"]:
+            converters.append(self.convert_textfield_value)
+        elif internal_type == "BinaryField":
+            converters.append(self.convert_binaryfield_value)
+        elif internal_type == "BooleanField":
+            converters.append(self.convert_booleanfield_value)
+        elif internal_type == "DateTimeField":
+            if settings.USE_TZ:
+                converters.append(self.convert_datetimefield_value)
+        elif internal_type == "DateField":
+            converters.append(self.convert_datefield_value)
+        elif internal_type == "TimeField":
+            converters.append(self.convert_timefield_value)
+        elif internal_type == "UUIDField":
+            converters.append(self.convert_uuidfield_value)
+        # Oracle stores empty strings as null. If the field accepts the empty
+        # string, undo this to adhere to the Django convention of using
+        # the empty string instead of null.
+        if expression.output_field.empty_strings_allowed:
+            converters.append(
+                self.convert_empty_bytes
+                if internal_type == "BinaryField"
+                else self.convert_empty_string
+            )
+        return converters
+
+    def convert_textfield_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        if isinstance(value, Database.LOB):
+            value = value.read()
+        return value
+
+    def convert_binaryfield_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        if isinstance(value, Database.LOB):
+            value = force_bytes(value.read())
+        return value
+
+    def convert_booleanfield_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        if value in (0, 1):
+            value = bool(value)
+        return value
+
+    # oracledb always returns datetime.datetime objects for
+    # DATE and TIMESTAMP columns, but Django wants to see a
+    # python datetime.date, .time, or .datetime.
+
+    def convert_datetimefield_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        if value is not None:
+            value = timezone.make_aware(value, self.connection.timezone)
+        return value
+
+    def convert_datefield_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        if isinstance(value, Database.Timestamp):
+            value = value.date()
+        return value
+
+    def convert_timefield_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        if isinstance(value, Database.Timestamp):
+            value = value.time()
+        return value
+
+    def convert_uuidfield_value(self, value, expression, connection):
+        if value is not None:
+            value = uuid.UUID(value)
+        return value
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convert_empty_string(value, expression, connection):
+        return "" if value is None else value
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def convert_empty_bytes(value, expression, connection):
+        return b"" if value is None else value
+
+    def deferrable_sql(self):
+        return " DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED"
+
+    def fetch_returned_insert_columns(self, cursor, returning_params):
+        columns = []
+        for param in returning_params:
+            value = param.get_value()
+            # Can be removed when cx_Oracle is no longer supported and
+            # python-oracle 2.1.2 becomes the minimum supported version.
+            if value == []:
+                raise DatabaseError(
+                    "The database did not return a new row id. Probably "
+                    '"ORA-1403: no data found" was raised internally but was '
+                    "hidden by the Oracle OCI library (see "
+                    "https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/28859)."
+                )
+            columns.append(value[0])
+        return tuple(columns)
+
+    def no_limit_value(self):
+        return None
+
+    def limit_offset_sql(self, low_mark, high_mark):
+        fetch, offset = self._get_limit_offset_params(low_mark, high_mark)
+        return " ".join(
+            sql
+            for sql in (
+                ("OFFSET %d ROWS" % offset) if offset else None,
+                ("FETCH FIRST %d ROWS ONLY" % fetch) if fetch else None,
+            )
+            if sql
+        )
+
+    def last_executed_query(self, cursor, sql, params):
+        # https://python-oracledb.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api_manual/cursor.html#Cursor.statement
+        # The DB API definition does not define this attribute.
+        statement = cursor.statement
+        # Unlike Psycopg's `query` and MySQLdb`'s `_executed`, oracledb's
+        # `statement` doesn't contain the query parameters. Substitute
+        # parameters manually.
+        if params:
+            if isinstance(params, (tuple, list)):
+                params = {
+                    f":arg{i}": param for i, param in enumerate(dict.fromkeys(params))
+                }
+            elif isinstance(params, dict):
+                params = {f":{key}": val for (key, val) in params.items()}
+            for key in sorted(params, key=len, reverse=True):
+                statement = statement.replace(
+                    key, force_str(params[key], errors="replace")
+                )
+        return statement
+
+    def last_insert_id(self, cursor, table_name, pk_name):
+        sq_name = self._get_sequence_name(cursor, strip_quotes(table_name), pk_name)
+        cursor.execute('"%s".currval' % sq_name)
+        return cursor.fetchone()[0]
+
+    def lookup_cast(self, lookup_type, internal_type=None):
+        if lookup_type in ("iexact", "icontains", "istartswith", "iendswith"):
+            return "UPPER(%s)"
+        if (
+            lookup_type != "isnull" and internal_type in ("BinaryField", "TextField")
+        ) or (lookup_type == "exact" and internal_type == "JSONField"):
+            return "DBMS_LOB.SUBSTR(%s)"
+        return "%s"
+
+    def max_in_list_size(self):
+        return 1000
+
+    def max_name_length(self):
+        return 30
+
+    def pk_default_value(self):
+        return "NULL"
+
+    def prep_for_iexact_query(self, x):
+        return x
+
+    def process_clob(self, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return ""
+        return value.read()
+
+    def quote_name(self, name):
+        # SQL92 requires delimited (quoted) names to be case-sensitive.  When
+        # not quoted, Oracle has case-insensitive behavior for identifiers, but
+        # always defaults to uppercase.
+        # We simplify things by making Oracle identifiers always uppercase.
+        if not name.startswith('"') and not name.endswith('"'):
+            name = '"%s"' % truncate_name(name, self.max_name_length())
+        # Oracle puts the query text into a (query % args) construct, so % signs
+        # in names need to be escaped. The '%%' will be collapsed back to '%' at
+        # that stage so we aren't really making the name longer here.
+        name = name.replace("%", "%%")
+        return name.upper()
+
+    def regex_lookup(self, lookup_type):
+        if lookup_type == "regex":
+            match_option = "'c'"
+        else:
+            match_option = "'i'"
+        return "REGEXP_LIKE(%%s, %%s, %s)" % match_option
+
+    def return_insert_columns(self, fields):
+        if not fields:
+            return "", ()
+        field_names = []
+        params = []
+        for field in fields:
+            field_names.append(
+                "%s.%s"
+                % (
+                    self.quote_name(field.model._meta.db_table),
+                    self.quote_name(field.column),
+                )
+            )
+            params.append(InsertVar(field))
+        return "RETURNING %s INTO %s" % (
+            ", ".join(field_names),
+            ", ".join(["%s"] * len(params)),
+        ), tuple(params)
+
+    def __foreign_key_constraints(self, table_name, recursive):
+        with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            if recursive:
+                cursor.execute(
+                    """
+                    SELECT
+                        user_tables.table_name, rcons.constraint_name
+                    FROM
+                        user_tables
+                    JOIN
+                        user_constraints cons
+                        ON (user_tables.table_name = cons.table_name
+                        AND cons.constraint_type = ANY('P', 'U'))
+                    LEFT JOIN
+                        user_constraints rcons
+                        ON (user_tables.table_name = rcons.table_name
+                        AND rcons.constraint_type = 'R')
+                    START WITH user_tables.table_name = UPPER(%s)
+                    CONNECT BY
+                        NOCYCLE PRIOR cons.constraint_name = rcons.r_constraint_name
+                    GROUP BY
+                        user_tables.table_name, rcons.constraint_name
+                    HAVING user_tables.table_name != UPPER(%s)
+                    ORDER BY MAX(level) DESC
+                    """,
+                    (table_name, table_name),
+                )
+            else:
+                cursor.execute(
+                    """
+                    SELECT
+                        cons.table_name, cons.constraint_name
+                    FROM
+                        user_constraints cons
+                    WHERE
+                        cons.constraint_type = 'R'
+                        AND cons.table_name = UPPER(%s)
+                    """,
+                    (table_name,),
+                )
+            return cursor.fetchall()
+
+    @cached_property
+    def _foreign_key_constraints(self):
+        # 512 is large enough to fit the ~330 tables (as of this writing) in
+        # Django's test suite.
+        return lru_cache(maxsize=512)(self.__foreign_key_constraints)
+
+    def sql_flush(self, style, tables, *, reset_sequences=False, allow_cascade=False):
+        if not tables:
+            return []
+
+        truncated_tables = {table.upper() for table in tables}
+        constraints = set()
+        # Oracle's TRUNCATE CASCADE only works with ON DELETE CASCADE foreign
+        # keys which Django doesn't define. Emulate the PostgreSQL behavior
+        # which truncates all dependent tables by manually retrieving all
+        # foreign key constraints and resolving dependencies.
+        for table in tables:
+            for foreign_table, constraint in self._foreign_key_constraints(
+                table, recursive=allow_cascade
+            ):
+                if allow_cascade:
+                    truncated_tables.add(foreign_table)
+                constraints.add((foreign_table, constraint))
+        sql = (
+            [
+                "%s %s %s %s %s %s %s %s;"
+                % (
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("ALTER"),
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("TABLE"),
+                    style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(table)),
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("DISABLE"),
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("CONSTRAINT"),
+                    style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(constraint)),
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("KEEP"),
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("INDEX"),
+                )
+                for table, constraint in constraints
+            ]
+            + [
+                "%s %s %s;"
+                % (
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("TRUNCATE"),
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("TABLE"),
+                    style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(table)),
+                )
+                for table in truncated_tables
+            ]
+            + [
+                "%s %s %s %s %s %s;"
+                % (
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("ALTER"),
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("TABLE"),
+                    style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(table)),
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("ENABLE"),
+                    style.SQL_KEYWORD("CONSTRAINT"),
+                    style.SQL_FIELD(self.quote_name(constraint)),
+                )
+                for table, constraint in constraints
+            ]
+        )
+        if reset_sequences:
+            sequences = [
+                sequence
+                for sequence in self.connection.introspection.sequence_list()
+                if sequence["table"].upper() in truncated_tables
+            ]
+            # Since we've just deleted all the rows, running our sequence ALTER
+            # code will reset the sequence to 0.
+            sql.extend(self.sequence_reset_by_name_sql(style, sequences))
+        return sql
+
+    def sequence_reset_by_name_sql(self, style, sequences):
+        sql = []
+        for sequence_info in sequences:
+            no_autofield_sequence_name = self._get_no_autofield_sequence_name(
+                sequence_info["table"]
+            )
+            table = self.quote_name(sequence_info["table"])
+            column = self.quote_name(sequence_info["column"] or "id")
+            query = self._sequence_reset_sql % {
+                "no_autofield_sequence_name": no_autofield_sequence_name,
+                "table": table,
+                "column": column,
+                "table_name": strip_quotes(table),
+                "column_name": strip_quotes(column),
+            }
+            sql.append(query)
+        return sql
+
+    def sequence_reset_sql(self, style, model_list):
+        output = []
+        query = self._sequence_reset_sql
+        for model in model_list:
+            for f in model._meta.local_fields:
+                if isinstance(f, AutoField):
+                    no_autofield_sequence_name = self._get_no_autofield_sequence_name(
+                        model._meta.db_table
+                    )
+                    table = self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table)
+                    column = self.quote_name(f.column)
+                    output.append(
+                        query
+                        % {
+                            "no_autofield_sequence_name": no_autofield_sequence_name,
+                            "table": table,
+                            "column": column,
+                            "table_name": strip_quotes(table),
+                            "column_name": strip_quotes(column),
+                        }
+                    )
+                    # Only one AutoField is allowed per model, so don't
+                    # continue to loop
+                    break
+        return output
+
+    def start_transaction_sql(self):
+        return ""
+
+    def tablespace_sql(self, tablespace, inline=False):
+        if inline:
+            return "USING INDEX TABLESPACE %s" % self.quote_name(tablespace)
+        else:
+            return "TABLESPACE %s" % self.quote_name(tablespace)
+
+    def adapt_datefield_value(self, value):
+        """
+        Transform a date value to an object compatible with what is expected
+        by the backend driver for date columns.
+        The default implementation transforms the date to text, but that is not
+        necessary for Oracle.
+        """
+        return value
+
+    def adapt_datetimefield_value(self, value):
+        """
+        Transform a datetime value to an object compatible with what is expected
+        by the backend driver for datetime columns.
+
+        If naive datetime is passed assumes that is in UTC. Normally Django
+        models.DateTimeField makes sure that if USE_TZ is True passed datetime
+        is timezone aware.
+        """
+
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+
+        # Expression values are adapted by the database.
+        if hasattr(value, "resolve_expression"):
+            return value
+
+        # oracledb doesn't support tz-aware datetimes
+        if timezone.is_aware(value):
+            if settings.USE_TZ:
+                value = timezone.make_naive(value, self.connection.timezone)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Oracle backend does not support timezone-aware datetimes when "
+                    "USE_TZ is False."
+                )
+
+        return Oracle_datetime.from_datetime(value)
+
+    def adapt_timefield_value(self, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+
+        # Expression values are adapted by the database.
+        if hasattr(value, "resolve_expression"):
+            return value
+
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return datetime.datetime.strptime(value, "%H:%M:%S")
+
+        # Oracle doesn't support tz-aware times
+        if timezone.is_aware(value):
+            raise ValueError("Oracle backend does not support timezone-aware times.")
+
+        return Oracle_datetime(
+            1900, 1, 1, value.hour, value.minute, value.second, value.microsecond
+        )
+
+    def adapt_decimalfield_value(self, value, max_digits=None, decimal_places=None):
+        return value
+
+    def combine_expression(self, connector, sub_expressions):
+        lhs, rhs = sub_expressions
+        if connector == "%%":
+            return "MOD(%s)" % ",".join(sub_expressions)
+        elif connector == "&":
+            return "BITAND(%s)" % ",".join(sub_expressions)
+        elif connector == "|":
+            return "BITAND(-%(lhs)s-1,%(rhs)s)+%(lhs)s" % {"lhs": lhs, "rhs": rhs}
+        elif connector == "<<":
+            return "(%(lhs)s * POWER(2, %(rhs)s))" % {"lhs": lhs, "rhs": rhs}
+        elif connector == ">>":
+            return "FLOOR(%(lhs)s / POWER(2, %(rhs)s))" % {"lhs": lhs, "rhs": rhs}
+        elif connector == "^":
+            return "POWER(%s)" % ",".join(sub_expressions)
+        elif connector == "#":
+            raise NotSupportedError("Bitwise XOR is not supported in Oracle.")
+        return super().combine_expression(connector, sub_expressions)
+
+    def _get_no_autofield_sequence_name(self, table):
+        """
+        Manually created sequence name to keep backward compatibility for
+        AutoFields that aren't Oracle identity columns.
+        """
+        name_length = self.max_name_length() - 3
+        return "%s_SQ" % truncate_name(strip_quotes(table), name_length).upper()
+
+    def _get_sequence_name(self, cursor, table, pk_name):
+        cursor.execute(
+            """
+            SELECT sequence_name
+            FROM user_tab_identity_cols
+            WHERE table_name = UPPER(%s)
+            AND column_name = UPPER(%s)""",
+            [table, pk_name],
+        )
+        row = cursor.fetchone()
+        return self._get_no_autofield_sequence_name(table) if row is None else row[0]
+
+    def bulk_insert_sql(self, fields, placeholder_rows):
+        query = []
+        for row in placeholder_rows:
+            select = []
+            for i, placeholder in enumerate(row):
+                # A model without any fields has fields=[None].
+                if fields[i]:
+                    internal_type = getattr(
+                        fields[i], "target_field", fields[i]
+                    ).get_internal_type()
+                    placeholder = (
+                        BulkInsertMapper.types.get(internal_type, "%s") % placeholder
+                    )
+                # Add columns aliases to the first select to avoid "ORA-00918:
+                # column ambiguously defined" when two or more columns in the
+                # first select have the same value.
+                if not query:
+                    placeholder = "%s col_%s" % (placeholder, i)
+                select.append(placeholder)
+            query.append("SELECT %s FROM DUAL" % ", ".join(select))
+        # Bulk insert to tables with Oracle identity columns causes Oracle to
+        # add sequence.nextval to it. Sequence.nextval cannot be used with the
+        # UNION operator. To prevent incorrect SQL, move UNION to a subquery.
+        return "SELECT * FROM (%s)" % " UNION ALL ".join(query)
+
+    def subtract_temporals(self, internal_type, lhs, rhs):
+        if internal_type == "DateField":
+            lhs_sql, lhs_params = lhs
+            rhs_sql, rhs_params = rhs
+            params = (*lhs_params, *rhs_params)
+            return (
+                "NUMTODSINTERVAL(TO_NUMBER(%s - %s), 'DAY')" % (lhs_sql, rhs_sql),
+                params,
+            )
+        return super().subtract_temporals(internal_type, lhs, rhs)
+
+    def bulk_batch_size(self, fields, objs):
+        """Oracle restricts the number of parameters in a query."""
+        if fields:
+            return self.connection.features.max_query_params // len(fields)
+        return len(objs)
+
+    def conditional_expression_supported_in_where_clause(self, expression):
+        """
+        Oracle supports only EXISTS(...) or filters in the WHERE clause, others
+        must be compared with True.
+        """
+        if isinstance(expression, (Exists, Lookup, WhereNode)):
+            return True
+        if isinstance(expression, ExpressionWrapper) and expression.conditional:
+            return self.conditional_expression_supported_in_where_clause(
+                expression.expression
+            )
+        if isinstance(expression, RawSQL) and expression.conditional:
+            return True
+        return False

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/oracledb_any.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import warnings
+
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango60Warning
+
+try:
+    import oracledb
+
+    is_oracledb = True
+except ImportError as e:
+    try:
+        import cx_Oracle as oracledb  # NOQA
+
+        warnings.warn(
+            "cx_Oracle is deprecated. Use oracledb instead.",
+            RemovedInDjango60Warning,
+            stacklevel=2,
+        )
+        is_oracledb = False
+    except ImportError:
+        raise ImproperlyConfigured(f"Error loading oracledb module: {e}")

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+import copy
+import datetime
+import re
+
+from django.db import DatabaseError
+from django.db.backends.base.schema import (
+    BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor,
+    _related_non_m2m_objects,
+)
+from django.utils.duration import duration_iso_string
+
+
+class DatabaseSchemaEditor(BaseDatabaseSchemaEditor):
+    sql_create_column = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s ADD %(column)s %(definition)s"
+    sql_alter_column_type = "MODIFY %(column)s %(type)s%(collation)s"
+    sql_alter_column_null = "MODIFY %(column)s NULL"
+    sql_alter_column_not_null = "MODIFY %(column)s NOT NULL"
+    sql_alter_column_default = "MODIFY %(column)s DEFAULT %(default)s"
+    sql_alter_column_no_default = "MODIFY %(column)s DEFAULT NULL"
+    sql_alter_column_no_default_null = sql_alter_column_no_default
+
+    sql_delete_column = "ALTER TABLE %(table)s DROP COLUMN %(column)s"
+    sql_create_column_inline_fk = (
+        "CONSTRAINT %(name)s REFERENCES %(to_table)s(%(to_column)s)%(deferrable)s"
+    )
+    sql_delete_table = "DROP TABLE %(table)s CASCADE CONSTRAINTS"
+    sql_create_index = "CREATE INDEX %(name)s ON %(table)s (%(columns)s)%(extra)s"
+
+    def quote_value(self, value):
+        if isinstance(value, (datetime.date, datetime.time, datetime.datetime)):
+            return "'%s'" % value
+        elif isinstance(value, datetime.timedelta):
+            return "'%s'" % duration_iso_string(value)
+        elif isinstance(value, str):
+            return "'%s'" % value.replace("'", "''")
+        elif isinstance(value, (bytes, bytearray, memoryview)):
+            return "'%s'" % value.hex()
+        elif isinstance(value, bool):
+            return "1" if value else "0"
+        else:
+            return str(value)
+
+    def remove_field(self, model, field):
+        # If the column is an identity column, drop the identity before
+        # removing the field.
+        if self._is_identity_column(model._meta.db_table, field.column):
+            self._drop_identity(model._meta.db_table, field.column)
+        super().remove_field(model, field)
+
+    def delete_model(self, model):
+        # Run superclass action
+        super().delete_model(model)
+        # Clean up manually created sequence.
+        self.execute(
+            """
+            DECLARE
+                i INTEGER;
+            BEGIN
+                SELECT COUNT(1) INTO i FROM USER_SEQUENCES
+                    WHERE SEQUENCE_NAME = '%(sq_name)s';
+                IF i = 1 THEN
+                    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DROP SEQUENCE "%(sq_name)s"';
+                END IF;
+            END;
+        /"""
+            % {
+                "sq_name": self.connection.ops._get_no_autofield_sequence_name(
+                    model._meta.db_table
+                )
+            }
+        )
+
+    def alter_field(self, model, old_field, new_field, strict=False):
+        try:
+            super().alter_field(model, old_field, new_field, strict)
+        except DatabaseError as e:
+            description = str(e)
+            # If we're changing type to an unsupported type we need a
+            # SQLite-ish workaround
+            if "ORA-22858" in description or "ORA-22859" in description:
+                self._alter_field_type_workaround(model, old_field, new_field)
+            # If an identity column is changing to a non-numeric type, drop the
+            # identity first.
+            elif "ORA-30675" in description:
+                self._drop_identity(model._meta.db_table, old_field.column)
+                self.alter_field(model, old_field, new_field, strict)
+            # If a primary key column is changing to an identity column, drop
+            # the primary key first.
+            elif "ORA-30673" in description and old_field.primary_key:
+                self._delete_primary_key(model, strict=True)
+                self._alter_field_type_workaround(model, old_field, new_field)
+            # If a collation is changing on a primary key, drop the primary key
+            # first.
+            elif "ORA-43923" in description and old_field.primary_key:
+                self._delete_primary_key(model, strict=True)
+                self.alter_field(model, old_field, new_field, strict)
+                # Restore a primary key, if needed.
+                if new_field.primary_key:
+                    self.execute(self._create_primary_key_sql(model, new_field))
+            else:
+                raise
+
+    def _alter_field_type_workaround(self, model, old_field, new_field):
+        """
+        Oracle refuses to change from some type to other type.
+        What we need to do instead is:
+        - Add a nullable version of the desired field with a temporary name. If
+          the new column is an auto field, then the temporary column can't be
+          nullable.
+        - Update the table to transfer values from old to new
+        - Drop old column
+        - Rename the new column and possibly drop the nullable property
+        """
+        # Make a new field that's like the new one but with a temporary
+        # column name.
+        new_temp_field = copy.deepcopy(new_field)
+        new_temp_field.null = new_field.get_internal_type() not in (
+            "AutoField",
+            "BigAutoField",
+            "SmallAutoField",
+        )
+        new_temp_field.column = self._generate_temp_name(new_field.column)
+        # Add it
+        self.add_field(model, new_temp_field)
+        # Explicit data type conversion
+        # https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/sqlrf
+        # /Data-Type-Comparison-Rules.html#GUID-D0C5A47E-6F93-4C2D-9E49-4F2B86B359DD
+        new_value = self.quote_name(old_field.column)
+        old_type = old_field.db_type(self.connection)
+        if re.match("^N?CLOB", old_type):
+            new_value = "TO_CHAR(%s)" % new_value
+            old_type = "VARCHAR2"
+        if re.match("^N?VARCHAR2", old_type):
+            new_internal_type = new_field.get_internal_type()
+            if new_internal_type == "DateField":
+                new_value = "TO_DATE(%s, 'YYYY-MM-DD')" % new_value
+            elif new_internal_type == "DateTimeField":
+                new_value = "TO_TIMESTAMP(%s, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF')" % new_value
+            elif new_internal_type == "TimeField":
+                # TimeField are stored as TIMESTAMP with a 1900-01-01 date part.
+                new_value = "CONCAT('1900-01-01 ', %s)" % new_value
+                new_value = "TO_TIMESTAMP(%s, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS.FF')" % new_value
+        # Transfer values across
+        self.execute(
+            "UPDATE %s set %s=%s"
+            % (
+                self.quote_name(model._meta.db_table),
+                self.quote_name(new_temp_field.column),
+                new_value,
+            )
+        )
+        # Drop the old field
+        self.remove_field(model, old_field)
+        # Rename and possibly make the new field NOT NULL
+        super().alter_field(model, new_temp_field, new_field)
+        # Recreate foreign key (if necessary) because the old field is not
+        # passed to the alter_field() and data types of new_temp_field and
+        # new_field always match.
+        new_type = new_field.db_type(self.connection)
+        if (
+            (old_field.primary_key and new_field.primary_key)
+            or (old_field.unique and new_field.unique)
+        ) and old_type != new_type:
+            for _, rel in _related_non_m2m_objects(new_temp_field, new_field):
+                if rel.field.db_constraint:
+                    self.execute(
+                        self._create_fk_sql(rel.related_model, rel.field, "_fk")
+                    )
+
+    def _alter_column_type_sql(
+        self, model, old_field, new_field, new_type, old_collation, new_collation
+    ):
+        auto_field_types = {"AutoField", "BigAutoField", "SmallAutoField"}
+        # Drop the identity if migrating away from AutoField.
+        if (
+            old_field.get_internal_type() in auto_field_types
+            and new_field.get_internal_type() not in auto_field_types
+            and self._is_identity_column(model._meta.db_table, new_field.column)
+        ):
+            self._drop_identity(model._meta.db_table, new_field.column)
+        return super()._alter_column_type_sql(
+            model, old_field, new_field, new_type, old_collation, new_collation
+        )
+
+    def normalize_name(self, name):
+        """
+        Get the properly shortened and uppercased identifier as returned by
+        quote_name() but without the quotes.
+        """
+        nn = self.quote_name(name)
+        if nn[0] == '"' and nn[-1] == '"':
+            nn = nn[1:-1]
+        return nn
+
+    def _generate_temp_name(self, for_name):
+        """Generate temporary names for workarounds that need temp columns."""
+        suffix = hex(hash(for_name)).upper()[1:]
+        return self.normalize_name(for_name + "_" + suffix)
+
+    def prepare_default(self, value):
+        return self.quote_value(value)
+
+    def _field_should_be_indexed(self, model, field):
+        create_index = super()._field_should_be_indexed(model, field)
+        db_type = field.db_type(self.connection)
+        if (
+            db_type is not None
+            and db_type.lower() in self.connection._limited_data_types
+        ):
+            return False
+        return create_index
+
+    def _is_identity_column(self, table_name, column_name):
+        with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT
+                    CASE WHEN identity_column = 'YES' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
+                FROM user_tab_cols
+                WHERE table_name = %s AND
+                      column_name = %s
+                """,
+                [self.normalize_name(table_name), self.normalize_name(column_name)],
+            )
+            row = cursor.fetchone()
+            return row[0] if row else False
+
+    def _drop_identity(self, table_name, column_name):
+        self.execute(
+            "ALTER TABLE %(table)s MODIFY %(column)s DROP IDENTITY"
+            % {
+                "table": self.quote_name(table_name),
+                "column": self.quote_name(column_name),
+            }
+        )
+
+    def _get_default_collation(self, table_name):
+        with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT default_collation FROM user_tables WHERE table_name = %s
+                """,
+                [self.normalize_name(table_name)],
+            )
+            return cursor.fetchone()[0]
+
+    def _collate_sql(self, collation, old_collation=None, table_name=None):
+        if collation is None and old_collation is not None:
+            collation = self._get_default_collation(table_name)
+        return super()._collate_sql(collation, old_collation, table_name)

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+import datetime
+import decimal
+
+from .base import Database
+
+
+class InsertVar:
+    """
+    A late-binding cursor variable that can be passed to Cursor.execute
+    as a parameter, in order to receive the id of the row created by an
+    insert statement.
+    """
+
+    types = {
+        "AutoField": int,
+        "BigAutoField": int,
+        "SmallAutoField": int,
+        "IntegerField": int,
+        "BigIntegerField": int,
+        "SmallIntegerField": int,
+        "PositiveBigIntegerField": int,
+        "PositiveSmallIntegerField": int,
+        "PositiveIntegerField": int,
+        "BooleanField": int,
+        "FloatField": Database.NATIVE_FLOAT,
+        "DateTimeField": Database.TIMESTAMP,
+        "DateField": Database.Date,
+        "DecimalField": decimal.Decimal,
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, field):
+        internal_type = getattr(field, "target_field", field).get_internal_type()
+        self.db_type = self.types.get(internal_type, str)
+        self.bound_param = None
+
+    def bind_parameter(self, cursor):
+        self.bound_param = cursor.cursor.var(self.db_type)
+        return self.bound_param
+
+    def get_value(self):
+        return self.bound_param.getvalue()
+
+
+class Oracle_datetime(datetime.datetime):
+    """
+    A datetime object, with an additional class attribute
+    to tell oracledb to save the microseconds too.
+    """
+
+    input_size = Database.TIMESTAMP
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_datetime(cls, dt):
+        return Oracle_datetime(
+            dt.year,
+            dt.month,
+            dt.day,
+            dt.hour,
+            dt.minute,
+            dt.second,
+            dt.microsecond,
+        )
+
+
+class BulkInsertMapper:
+    BLOB = "TO_BLOB(%s)"
+    DATE = "TO_DATE(%s)"
+    INTERVAL = "CAST(%s as INTERVAL DAY(9) TO SECOND(6))"
+    NCLOB = "TO_NCLOB(%s)"
+    NUMBER = "TO_NUMBER(%s)"
+    TIMESTAMP = "TO_TIMESTAMP(%s)"
+
+    types = {
+        "AutoField": NUMBER,
+        "BigAutoField": NUMBER,
+        "BigIntegerField": NUMBER,
+        "BinaryField": BLOB,
+        "BooleanField": NUMBER,
+        "DateField": DATE,
+        "DateTimeField": TIMESTAMP,
+        "DecimalField": NUMBER,
+        "DurationField": INTERVAL,
+        "FloatField": NUMBER,
+        "IntegerField": NUMBER,
+        "PositiveBigIntegerField": NUMBER,
+        "PositiveIntegerField": NUMBER,
+        "PositiveSmallIntegerField": NUMBER,
+        "SmallAutoField": NUMBER,
+        "SmallIntegerField": NUMBER,
+        "TextField": NCLOB,
+        "TimeField": TIMESTAMP,
+    }
+
+
+def dsn(settings_dict):
+    if settings_dict["PORT"]:
+        host = settings_dict["HOST"].strip() or "localhost"
+        return Database.makedsn(host, int(settings_dict["PORT"]), settings_dict["NAME"])
+    return settings_dict["NAME"]

env/lib/python3.10/site-packages/django/db/backends/oracle/validation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from django.core import checks
+from django.db.backends.base.validation import BaseDatabaseValidation
+
+
+class DatabaseValidation(BaseDatabaseValidation):
+    def check_field_type(self, field, field_type):
+        """Oracle doesn't support a database index on some data types."""
+        errors = []
+        if field.db_index and field_type.lower() in self.connection._limited_data_types:
+            errors.append(
+                checks.Warning(
+                    "Oracle does not support a database index on %s columns."
+                    % field_type,
+                    hint=(
+                        "An index won't be created. Silence this warning if "
+                        "you don't care about it."
+                    ),
+                    obj=field,
+                    id="fields.W162",
+                )
+            )
+        return errors