create emailer version 1

env/Lib/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py

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+"""
+ This object provides quoting for GEOS geometries into PostgreSQL/PostGIS.
+"""
+from psycopg2 import Binary
+from psycopg2.extensions import ISQLQuote
+
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis.pgraster import to_pgraster
+from django.contrib.gis.geos import GEOSGeometry
+
+
+class PostGISAdapter:
+    def __init__(self, obj, geography=False):
+        """
+        Initialize on the spatial object.
+        """
+        self.is_geometry = isinstance(obj, (GEOSGeometry, PostGISAdapter))
+
+        # Getting the WKB (in string form, to allow easy pickling of
+        # the adaptor) and the SRID from the geometry or raster.
+        if self.is_geometry:
+            self.ewkb = bytes(obj.ewkb)
+            self._adapter = Binary(self.ewkb)
+        else:
+            self.ewkb = to_pgraster(obj)
+
+        self.srid = obj.srid
+        self.geography = geography
+
+    def __conform__(self, proto):
+        """Does the given protocol conform to what Psycopg2 expects?"""
+        if proto == ISQLQuote:
+            return self
+        else:
+            raise Exception(
+                "Error implementing psycopg2 protocol. Is psycopg2 installed?"
+            )
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, PostGISAdapter) and self.ewkb == other.ewkb
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.ewkb)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return self.getquoted()
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _fix_polygon(cls, poly):
+        return poly
+
+    def prepare(self, conn):
+        """
+        This method allows escaping the binary in the style required by the
+        server's `standard_conforming_string` setting.
+        """
+        if self.is_geometry:
+            self._adapter.prepare(conn)
+
+    def getquoted(self):
+        """
+        Return a properly quoted string for use in PostgreSQL/PostGIS.
+        """
+        if self.is_geometry:
+            # Psycopg will figure out whether to use E'\\000' or '\000'.
+            return "%s(%s)" % (
+                "ST_GeogFromWKB" if self.geography else "ST_GeomFromEWKB",
+                self._adapter.getquoted().decode(),
+            )
+        else:
+            # For rasters, add explicit type cast to WKB string.
+            return "'%s'::raster" % self.ewkb

env/Lib/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from django.db.backends.base.base import NO_DB_ALIAS
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.base import (
+    DatabaseWrapper as Psycopg2DatabaseWrapper,
+)
+
+from .features import DatabaseFeatures
+from .introspection import PostGISIntrospection
+from .operations import PostGISOperations
+from .schema import PostGISSchemaEditor
+
+
+class DatabaseWrapper(Psycopg2DatabaseWrapper):
+    SchemaEditorClass = PostGISSchemaEditor
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        if kwargs.get("alias", "") != NO_DB_ALIAS:
+            self.features = DatabaseFeatures(self)
+            self.ops = PostGISOperations(self)
+            self.introspection = PostGISIntrospection(self)
+
+    def prepare_database(self):
+        super().prepare_database()
+        # Check that postgis extension is installed.
+        with self.cursor() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute("CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis")

env/Lib/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/const.py

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+"""
+PostGIS to GDAL conversion constant definitions
+"""
+# Lookup to convert pixel type values from GDAL to PostGIS
+GDAL_TO_POSTGIS = [None, 4, 6, 5, 8, 7, 10, 11, None, None, None, None]
+
+# Lookup to convert pixel type values from PostGIS to GDAL
+POSTGIS_TO_GDAL = [1, 1, 1, 3, 1, 3, 2, 5, 4, None, 6, 7, None, None]
+
+# Struct pack structure for raster header, the raster header has the
+# following structure:
+#
+# Endianness, PostGIS raster version, number of bands, scale, origin,
+# skew, srid, width, and height.
+#
+# Scale, origin, and skew have x and y values. PostGIS currently uses
+# a fixed endianness (1) and there is only one version (0).
+POSTGIS_HEADER_STRUCTURE = "B H H d d d d d d i H H"
+
+# Lookup values to convert GDAL pixel types to struct characters. This is
+# used to pack and unpack the pixel values of PostGIS raster bands.
+GDAL_TO_STRUCT = [
+    None,
+    "B",
+    "H",
+    "h",
+    "L",
+    "l",
+    "f",
+    "d",
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+    None,
+]
+
+# Size of the packed value in bytes for different numerical types.
+# This is needed to cut chunks of band data out of PostGIS raster strings
+# when decomposing them into GDALRasters.
+# See https://docs.python.org/library/struct.html#format-characters
+STRUCT_SIZE = {
+    "b": 1,  # Signed char
+    "B": 1,  # Unsigned char
+    "?": 1,  # _Bool
+    "h": 2,  # Short
+    "H": 2,  # Unsigned short
+    "i": 4,  # Integer
+    "I": 4,  # Unsigned Integer
+    "l": 4,  # Long
+    "L": 4,  # Unsigned Long
+    "f": 4,  # Float
+    "d": 8,  # Double
+}
+
+# Pixel type specifies type of pixel values in a band. Storage flag specifies
+# whether the band data is stored as part of the datum or is to be found on the
+# server's filesystem. There are currently 11 supported pixel value types, so 4
+# bits are enough to account for all. Reserve the upper 4 bits for generic
+# flags. See
+# https://trac.osgeo.org/postgis/wiki/WKTRaster/RFC/RFC1_V0SerialFormat#Pixeltypeandstorageflag
+BANDTYPE_PIXTYPE_MASK = 0x0F
+BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA = 1 << 6

env/Lib/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/features.py

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+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.features import (
+    DatabaseFeatures as Psycopg2DatabaseFeatures,
+)
+
+
+class DatabaseFeatures(BaseSpatialFeatures, Psycopg2DatabaseFeatures):
+    supports_geography = True
+    supports_3d_storage = True
+    supports_3d_functions = True
+    supports_raster = True
+    supports_empty_geometries = True
+    empty_intersection_returns_none = False

env/Lib/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/introspection.py

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+from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.introspection import DatabaseIntrospection
+
+
+class PostGISIntrospection(DatabaseIntrospection):
+    postgis_oid_lookup = {}  # Populated when introspection is performed.
+
+    ignored_tables = DatabaseIntrospection.ignored_tables + [
+        "geography_columns",
+        "geometry_columns",
+        "raster_columns",
+        "spatial_ref_sys",
+        "raster_overviews",
+    ]
+
+    def get_field_type(self, data_type, description):
+        if not self.postgis_oid_lookup:
+            # Query PostgreSQL's pg_type table to determine the OID integers
+            # for the PostGIS data types used in reverse lookup (the integers
+            # may be different across versions). To prevent unnecessary
+            # requests upon connection initialization, the `data_types_reverse`
+            # dictionary isn't updated until introspection is performed here.
+            with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+                cursor.execute(
+                    "SELECT oid, typname "
+                    "FROM pg_type "
+                    "WHERE typname IN ('geometry', 'geography')"
+                )
+                self.postgis_oid_lookup = dict(cursor.fetchall())
+            self.data_types_reverse.update(
+                (oid, "GeometryField") for oid in self.postgis_oid_lookup
+            )
+        return super().get_field_type(data_type, description)
+
+    def get_geometry_type(self, table_name, description):
+        """
+        The geometry type OID used by PostGIS does not indicate the particular
+        type of field that a geometry column is (e.g., whether it's a
+        PointField or a PolygonField).  Thus, this routine queries the PostGIS
+        metadata tables to determine the geometry type.
+        """
+        with self.connection.cursor() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute(
+                """
+                SELECT t.coord_dimension, t.srid, t.type FROM (
+                    SELECT * FROM geometry_columns
+                    UNION ALL
+                    SELECT * FROM geography_columns
+                ) AS t WHERE t.f_table_name = %s AND t.f_geometry_column = %s
+            """,
+                (table_name, description.name),
+            )
+            row = cursor.fetchone()
+            if not row:
+                raise Exception(
+                    'Could not find a geometry or geography column for "%s"."%s"'
+                    % (table_name, description.name)
+                )
+            dim, srid, field_type = row
+            # OGRGeomType does not require GDAL and makes it easy to convert
+            # from OGC geom type name to Django field.
+            field_type = OGRGeomType(field_type).django
+            # Getting any GeometryField keyword arguments that are not the default.
+            field_params = {}
+            if self.postgis_oid_lookup.get(description.type_code) == "geography":
+                field_params["geography"] = True
+            if srid != 4326:
+                field_params["srid"] = srid
+            if dim != 2:
+                field_params["dim"] = dim
+        return field_type, field_params

env/Lib/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py

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+"""
+ The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the PostGIS backend.
+"""
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
+from django.db import models
+
+
+class PostGISGeometryColumns(models.Model):
+    """
+    The 'geometry_columns' view from PostGIS. See the PostGIS
+    documentation at Ch. 4.3.2.
+    """
+
+    f_table_catalog = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    f_table_schema = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    f_table_name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    f_geometry_column = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    coord_dimension = models.IntegerField()
+    srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
+    type = models.CharField(max_length=30)
+
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "gis"
+        db_table = "geometry_columns"
+        managed = False
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "%s.%s - %dD %s field (SRID: %d)" % (
+            self.f_table_name,
+            self.f_geometry_column,
+            self.coord_dimension,
+            self.type,
+            self.srid,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def table_name_col(cls):
+        """
+        Return the name of the metadata column used to store the feature table
+        name.
+        """
+        return "f_table_name"
+
+    @classmethod
+    def geom_col_name(cls):
+        """
+        Return the name of the metadata column used to store the feature
+        geometry column.
+        """
+        return "f_geometry_column"
+
+
+class PostGISSpatialRefSys(models.Model, SpatialRefSysMixin):
+    """
+    The 'spatial_ref_sys' table from PostGIS. See the PostGIS
+    documentation at Ch. 4.2.1.
+    """
+
+    srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
+    auth_name = models.CharField(max_length=256)
+    auth_srid = models.IntegerField()
+    srtext = models.CharField(max_length=2048)
+    proj4text = models.CharField(max_length=2048)
+
+    class Meta:
+        app_label = "gis"
+        db_table = "spatial_ref_sys"
+        managed = False
+
+    @property
+    def wkt(self):
+        return self.srtext

env/Lib/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/operations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+import re
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.operations import BaseSpatialOperations
+from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.utils import SpatialOperator
+from django.contrib.gis.db.models import GeometryField, RasterField
+from django.contrib.gis.gdal import GDALRaster
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.geometry import GEOSGeometryBase
+from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.io import wkb_r
+from django.contrib.gis.measure import Distance
+from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
+from django.db import NotSupportedError, ProgrammingError
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.operations import DatabaseOperations
+from django.db.models import Func, Value
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+from django.utils.version import get_version_tuple
+
+from .adapter import PostGISAdapter
+from .models import PostGISGeometryColumns, PostGISSpatialRefSys
+from .pgraster import from_pgraster
+
+# Identifier to mark raster lookups as bilateral.
+BILATERAL = "bilateral"
+
+
+class PostGISOperator(SpatialOperator):
+    def __init__(self, geography=False, raster=False, **kwargs):
+        # Only a subset of the operators and functions are available for the
+        # geography type.
+        self.geography = geography
+        # Only a subset of the operators and functions are available for the
+        # raster type. Lookups that don't support raster will be converted to
+        # polygons. If the raster argument is set to BILATERAL, then the
+        # operator cannot handle mixed geom-raster lookups.
+        self.raster = raster
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def as_sql(self, connection, lookup, template_params, *args):
+        if lookup.lhs.output_field.geography and not self.geography:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'PostGIS geography does not support the "%s" '
+                "function/operator." % (self.func or self.op,)
+            )
+
+        template_params = self.check_raster(lookup, template_params)
+        return super().as_sql(connection, lookup, template_params, *args)
+
+    def check_raster(self, lookup, template_params):
+        spheroid = lookup.rhs_params and lookup.rhs_params[-1] == "spheroid"
+
+        # Check which input is a raster.
+        lhs_is_raster = lookup.lhs.field.geom_type == "RASTER"
+        rhs_is_raster = isinstance(lookup.rhs, GDALRaster)
+
+        # Look for band indices and inject them if provided.
+        if lookup.band_lhs is not None and lhs_is_raster:
+            if not self.func:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Band indices are not allowed for this operator, it works on bbox "
+                    "only."
+                )
+            template_params["lhs"] = "%s, %s" % (
+                template_params["lhs"],
+                lookup.band_lhs,
+            )
+
+        if lookup.band_rhs is not None and rhs_is_raster:
+            if not self.func:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Band indices are not allowed for this operator, it works on bbox "
+                    "only."
+                )
+            template_params["rhs"] = "%s, %s" % (
+                template_params["rhs"],
+                lookup.band_rhs,
+            )
+
+        # Convert rasters to polygons if necessary.
+        if not self.raster or spheroid:
+            # Operators without raster support.
+            if lhs_is_raster:
+                template_params["lhs"] = "ST_Polygon(%s)" % template_params["lhs"]
+            if rhs_is_raster:
+                template_params["rhs"] = "ST_Polygon(%s)" % template_params["rhs"]
+        elif self.raster == BILATERAL:
+            # Operators with raster support but don't support mixed (rast-geom)
+            # lookups.
+            if lhs_is_raster and not rhs_is_raster:
+                template_params["lhs"] = "ST_Polygon(%s)" % template_params["lhs"]
+            elif rhs_is_raster and not lhs_is_raster:
+                template_params["rhs"] = "ST_Polygon(%s)" % template_params["rhs"]
+
+        return template_params
+
+
+class ST_Polygon(Func):
+    function = "ST_Polygon"
+
+    def __init__(self, expr):
+        super().__init__(expr)
+        expr = self.source_expressions[0]
+        if isinstance(expr, Value) and not expr._output_field_or_none:
+            self.source_expressions[0] = Value(
+                expr.value, output_field=RasterField(srid=expr.value.srid)
+            )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def output_field(self):
+        return GeometryField(srid=self.source_expressions[0].field.srid)
+
+
+class PostGISOperations(BaseSpatialOperations, DatabaseOperations):
+    name = "postgis"
+    postgis = True
+    geom_func_prefix = "ST_"
+
+    Adapter = PostGISAdapter
+
+    collect = geom_func_prefix + "Collect"
+    extent = geom_func_prefix + "Extent"
+    extent3d = geom_func_prefix + "3DExtent"
+    length3d = geom_func_prefix + "3DLength"
+    makeline = geom_func_prefix + "MakeLine"
+    perimeter3d = geom_func_prefix + "3DPerimeter"
+    unionagg = geom_func_prefix + "Union"
+
+    gis_operators = {
+        "bbcontains": PostGISOperator(op="~", raster=True),
+        "bboverlaps": PostGISOperator(op="&&", geography=True, raster=True),
+        "contained": PostGISOperator(op="@", raster=True),
+        "overlaps_left": PostGISOperator(op="&<", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "overlaps_right": PostGISOperator(op="&>", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "overlaps_below": PostGISOperator(op="&<|"),
+        "overlaps_above": PostGISOperator(op="|&>"),
+        "left": PostGISOperator(op="<<"),
+        "right": PostGISOperator(op=">>"),
+        "strictly_below": PostGISOperator(op="<<|"),
+        "strictly_above": PostGISOperator(op="|>>"),
+        "same_as": PostGISOperator(op="~=", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "exact": PostGISOperator(op="~=", raster=BILATERAL),  # alias of same_as
+        "contains": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Contains", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "contains_properly": PostGISOperator(
+            func="ST_ContainsProperly", raster=BILATERAL
+        ),
+        "coveredby": PostGISOperator(
+            func="ST_CoveredBy", geography=True, raster=BILATERAL
+        ),
+        "covers": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Covers", geography=True, raster=BILATERAL),
+        "crosses": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Crosses"),
+        "disjoint": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Disjoint", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "equals": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Equals"),
+        "intersects": PostGISOperator(
+            func="ST_Intersects", geography=True, raster=BILATERAL
+        ),
+        "overlaps": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Overlaps", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "relate": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Relate"),
+        "touches": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Touches", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "within": PostGISOperator(func="ST_Within", raster=BILATERAL),
+        "dwithin": PostGISOperator(func="ST_DWithin", geography=True, raster=BILATERAL),
+    }
+
+    unsupported_functions = set()
+
+    select = "%s::bytea"
+    select_extent = None
+
+    @cached_property
+    def function_names(self):
+        function_names = {
+            "AsWKB": "ST_AsBinary",
+            "AsWKT": "ST_AsText",
+            "BoundingCircle": "ST_MinimumBoundingCircle",
+            "NumPoints": "ST_NPoints",
+        }
+        if self.spatial_version < (2, 4, 0):
+            function_names["ForcePolygonCW"] = "ST_ForceRHR"
+        return function_names
+
+    @cached_property
+    def spatial_version(self):
+        """Determine the version of the PostGIS library."""
+        # Trying to get the PostGIS version because the function
+        # signatures will depend on the version used.  The cost
+        # here is a database query to determine the version, which
+        # can be mitigated by setting `POSTGIS_VERSION` with a 3-tuple
+        # comprising user-supplied values for the major, minor, and
+        # subminor revision of PostGIS.
+        if hasattr(settings, "POSTGIS_VERSION"):
+            version = settings.POSTGIS_VERSION
+        else:
+            # Run a basic query to check the status of the connection so we're
+            # sure we only raise the error below if the problem comes from
+            # PostGIS and not from PostgreSQL itself (see #24862).
+            self._get_postgis_func("version")
+
+            try:
+                vtup = self.postgis_version_tuple()
+            except ProgrammingError:
+                raise ImproperlyConfigured(
+                    'Cannot determine PostGIS version for database "%s" '
+                    'using command "SELECT postgis_lib_version()". '
+                    "GeoDjango requires at least PostGIS version 2.4. "
+                    "Was the database created from a spatial database "
+                    "template?" % self.connection.settings_dict["NAME"]
+                )
+            version = vtup[1:]
+        return version
+
+    def convert_extent(self, box):
+        """
+        Return a 4-tuple extent for the `Extent` aggregate by converting
+        the bounding box text returned by PostGIS (`box` argument), for
+        example: "BOX(-90.0 30.0, -85.0 40.0)".
+        """
+        if box is None:
+            return None
+        ll, ur = box[4:-1].split(",")
+        xmin, ymin = map(float, ll.split())
+        xmax, ymax = map(float, ur.split())
+        return (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax)
+
+    def convert_extent3d(self, box3d):
+        """
+        Return a 6-tuple extent for the `Extent3D` aggregate by converting
+        the 3d bounding-box text returned by PostGIS (`box3d` argument), for
+        example: "BOX3D(-90.0 30.0 1, -85.0 40.0 2)".
+        """
+        if box3d is None:
+            return None
+        ll, ur = box3d[6:-1].split(",")
+        xmin, ymin, zmin = map(float, ll.split())
+        xmax, ymax, zmax = map(float, ur.split())
+        return (xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax, zmax)
+
+    def geo_db_type(self, f):
+        """
+        Return the database field type for the given spatial field.
+        """
+        if f.geom_type == "RASTER":
+            return "raster"
+
+        # Type-based geometries.
+        # TODO: Support 'M' extension.
+        if f.dim == 3:
+            geom_type = f.geom_type + "Z"
+        else:
+            geom_type = f.geom_type
+        if f.geography:
+            if f.srid != 4326:
+                raise NotSupportedError(
+                    "PostGIS only supports geography columns with an SRID of 4326."
+                )
+
+            return "geography(%s,%d)" % (geom_type, f.srid)
+        else:
+            return "geometry(%s,%d)" % (geom_type, f.srid)
+
+    def get_distance(self, f, dist_val, lookup_type):
+        """
+        Retrieve the distance parameters for the given geometry field,
+        distance lookup value, and the distance lookup type.
+
+        This is the most complex implementation of the spatial backends due to
+        what is supported on geodetic geometry columns vs. what's available on
+        projected geometry columns.  In addition, it has to take into account
+        the geography column type.
+        """
+        # Getting the distance parameter
+        value = dist_val[0]
+
+        # Shorthand boolean flags.
+        geodetic = f.geodetic(self.connection)
+        geography = f.geography
+
+        if isinstance(value, Distance):
+            if geography:
+                dist_param = value.m
+            elif geodetic:
+                if lookup_type == "dwithin":
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Only numeric values of degree units are "
+                        "allowed on geographic DWithin queries."
+                    )
+                dist_param = value.m
+            else:
+                dist_param = getattr(
+                    value, Distance.unit_attname(f.units_name(self.connection))
+                )
+        else:
+            # Assuming the distance is in the units of the field.
+            dist_param = value
+
+        return [dist_param]
+
+    def get_geom_placeholder(self, f, value, compiler):
+        """
+        Provide a proper substitution value for Geometries or rasters that are
+        not in the SRID of the field. Specifically, this routine will
+        substitute in the ST_Transform() function call.
+        """
+        transform_func = self.spatial_function_name("Transform")
+        if hasattr(value, "as_sql"):
+            if value.field.srid == f.srid:
+                placeholder = "%s"
+            else:
+                placeholder = "%s(%%s, %s)" % (transform_func, f.srid)
+            return placeholder
+
+        # Get the srid for this object
+        if value is None:
+            value_srid = None
+        else:
+            value_srid = value.srid
+
+        # Adding Transform() to the SQL placeholder if the value srid
+        # is not equal to the field srid.
+        if value_srid is None or value_srid == f.srid:
+            placeholder = "%s"
+        else:
+            placeholder = "%s(%%s, %s)" % (transform_func, f.srid)
+
+        return placeholder
+
+    def _get_postgis_func(self, func):
+        """
+        Helper routine for calling PostGIS functions and returning their result.
+        """
+        # Close out the connection.  See #9437.
+        with self.connection.temporary_connection() as cursor:
+            cursor.execute("SELECT %s()" % func)
+            return cursor.fetchone()[0]
+
+    def postgis_geos_version(self):
+        "Return the version of the GEOS library used with PostGIS."
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_geos_version")
+
+    def postgis_lib_version(self):
+        "Return the version number of the PostGIS library used with PostgreSQL."
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_lib_version")
+
+    def postgis_proj_version(self):
+        """Return the version of the PROJ library used with PostGIS."""
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_proj_version")
+
+    def postgis_version(self):
+        "Return PostGIS version number and compile-time options."
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_version")
+
+    def postgis_full_version(self):
+        "Return PostGIS version number and compile-time options."
+        return self._get_postgis_func("postgis_full_version")
+
+    def postgis_version_tuple(self):
+        """
+        Return the PostGIS version as a tuple (version string, major,
+        minor, subminor).
+        """
+        version = self.postgis_lib_version()
+        return (version,) + get_version_tuple(version)
+
+    def proj_version_tuple(self):
+        """
+        Return the version of PROJ used by PostGIS as a tuple of the
+        major, minor, and subminor release numbers.
+        """
+        proj_regex = re.compile(r"(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)")
+        proj_ver_str = self.postgis_proj_version()
+        m = proj_regex.search(proj_ver_str)
+        if m:
+            return tuple(map(int, m.groups()))
+        else:
+            raise Exception("Could not determine PROJ version from PostGIS.")
+
+    def spatial_aggregate_name(self, agg_name):
+        if agg_name == "Extent3D":
+            return self.extent3d
+        else:
+            return self.geom_func_prefix + agg_name
+
+    # Routines for getting the OGC-compliant models.
+    def geometry_columns(self):
+        return PostGISGeometryColumns
+
+    def spatial_ref_sys(self):
+        return PostGISSpatialRefSys
+
+    def parse_raster(self, value):
+        """Convert a PostGIS HEX String into a dict readable by GDALRaster."""
+        return from_pgraster(value)
+
+    def distance_expr_for_lookup(self, lhs, rhs, **kwargs):
+        return super().distance_expr_for_lookup(
+            self._normalize_distance_lookup_arg(lhs),
+            self._normalize_distance_lookup_arg(rhs),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _normalize_distance_lookup_arg(arg):
+        is_raster = (
+            arg.field.geom_type == "RASTER"
+            if hasattr(arg, "field")
+            else isinstance(arg, GDALRaster)
+        )
+        return ST_Polygon(arg) if is_raster else arg
+
+    def get_geometry_converter(self, expression):
+        read = wkb_r().read
+        geom_class = expression.output_field.geom_class
+
+        def converter(value, expression, connection):
+            return None if value is None else GEOSGeometryBase(read(value), geom_class)
+
+        return converter
+
+    def get_area_att_for_field(self, field):
+        return "sq_m"

env/Lib/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/pgraster.py

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import struct
+
+from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
+
+from .const import (
+    BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA,
+    BANDTYPE_PIXTYPE_MASK,
+    GDAL_TO_POSTGIS,
+    GDAL_TO_STRUCT,
+    POSTGIS_HEADER_STRUCTURE,
+    POSTGIS_TO_GDAL,
+    STRUCT_SIZE,
+)
+
+
+def pack(structure, data):
+    """
+    Pack data into hex string with little endian format.
+    """
+    return struct.pack("<" + structure, *data)
+
+
+def unpack(structure, data):
+    """
+    Unpack little endian hexlified binary string into a list.
+    """
+    return struct.unpack("<" + structure, bytes.fromhex(data))
+
+
+def chunk(data, index):
+    """
+    Split a string into two parts at the input index.
+    """
+    return data[:index], data[index:]
+
+
+def from_pgraster(data):
+    """
+    Convert a PostGIS HEX String into a dictionary.
+    """
+    if data is None:
+        return
+
+    # Split raster header from data
+    header, data = chunk(data, 122)
+    header = unpack(POSTGIS_HEADER_STRUCTURE, header)
+
+    # Parse band data
+    bands = []
+    pixeltypes = []
+    while data:
+        # Get pixel type for this band
+        pixeltype_with_flags, data = chunk(data, 2)
+        pixeltype_with_flags = unpack("B", pixeltype_with_flags)[0]
+        pixeltype = pixeltype_with_flags & BANDTYPE_PIXTYPE_MASK
+
+        # Convert datatype from PostGIS to GDAL & get pack type and size
+        pixeltype = POSTGIS_TO_GDAL[pixeltype]
+        pack_type = GDAL_TO_STRUCT[pixeltype]
+        pack_size = 2 * STRUCT_SIZE[pack_type]
+
+        # Parse band nodata value. The nodata value is part of the
+        # PGRaster string even if the nodata flag is True, so it always
+        # has to be chunked off the data string.
+        nodata, data = chunk(data, pack_size)
+        nodata = unpack(pack_type, nodata)[0]
+
+        # Chunk and unpack band data (pack size times nr of pixels)
+        band, data = chunk(data, pack_size * header[10] * header[11])
+        band_result = {"data": bytes.fromhex(band)}
+
+        # Set the nodata value if the nodata flag is set.
+        if pixeltype_with_flags & BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA:
+            band_result["nodata_value"] = nodata
+
+        # Append band data to band list
+        bands.append(band_result)
+
+        # Store pixeltype of this band in pixeltypes array
+        pixeltypes.append(pixeltype)
+
+    # Check that all bands have the same pixeltype.
+    # This is required by GDAL. PostGIS rasters could have different pixeltypes
+    # for bands of the same raster.
+    if len(set(pixeltypes)) != 1:
+        raise ValidationError("Band pixeltypes are not all equal.")
+
+    return {
+        "srid": int(header[9]),
+        "width": header[10],
+        "height": header[11],
+        "datatype": pixeltypes[0],
+        "origin": (header[5], header[6]),
+        "scale": (header[3], header[4]),
+        "skew": (header[7], header[8]),
+        "bands": bands,
+    }
+
+
+def to_pgraster(rast):
+    """
+    Convert a GDALRaster into PostGIS Raster format.
+    """
+    # Prepare the raster header data as a tuple. The first two numbers are
+    # the endianness and the PostGIS Raster Version, both are fixed by
+    # PostGIS at the moment.
+    rasterheader = (
+        1,
+        0,
+        len(rast.bands),
+        rast.scale.x,
+        rast.scale.y,
+        rast.origin.x,
+        rast.origin.y,
+        rast.skew.x,
+        rast.skew.y,
+        rast.srs.srid,
+        rast.width,
+        rast.height,
+    )
+
+    # Pack raster header.
+    result = pack(POSTGIS_HEADER_STRUCTURE, rasterheader)
+
+    for band in rast.bands:
+        # The PostGIS raster band header has exactly two elements, a 8BUI byte
+        # and the nodata value.
+        #
+        # The 8BUI stores both the PostGIS pixel data type and a nodata flag.
+        # It is composed as the datatype with BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA (1 << 6)
+        # for existing nodata values:
+        #   8BUI_VALUE = PG_PIXEL_TYPE (0-11) | BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA
+        #
+        # For example, if the byte value is 71, then the datatype is
+        #   71 & ~BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA = 7 (32BSI)
+        # and the nodata value is True.
+        structure = "B" + GDAL_TO_STRUCT[band.datatype()]
+
+        # Get band pixel type in PostGIS notation
+        pixeltype = GDAL_TO_POSTGIS[band.datatype()]
+
+        # Set the nodata flag
+        if band.nodata_value is not None:
+            pixeltype |= BANDTYPE_FLAG_HASNODATA
+
+        # Pack band header
+        bandheader = pack(structure, (pixeltype, band.nodata_value or 0))
+
+        # Add packed header and band data to result
+        result += bandheader + band.data(as_memoryview=True)
+
+    # Convert raster to hex string before passing it to the DB.
+    return result.hex()

env/Lib/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/schema.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+from django.db.backends.postgresql.schema import DatabaseSchemaEditor
+from django.db.models.expressions import Col, Func
+
+
+class PostGISSchemaEditor(DatabaseSchemaEditor):
+    geom_index_type = "GIST"
+    geom_index_ops_nd = "GIST_GEOMETRY_OPS_ND"
+    rast_index_template = "ST_ConvexHull(%(expressions)s)"
+
+    sql_alter_column_to_3d = (
+        "ALTER COLUMN %(column)s TYPE %(type)s USING ST_Force3D(%(column)s)::%(type)s"
+    )
+    sql_alter_column_to_2d = (
+        "ALTER COLUMN %(column)s TYPE %(type)s USING ST_Force2D(%(column)s)::%(type)s"
+    )
+
+    def geo_quote_name(self, name):
+        return self.connection.ops.geo_quote_name(name)
+
+    def _field_should_be_indexed(self, model, field):
+        if getattr(field, "spatial_index", False):
+            return True
+        return super()._field_should_be_indexed(model, field)
+
+    def _create_index_sql(self, model, *, fields=None, **kwargs):
+        if fields is None or len(fields) != 1 or not hasattr(fields[0], "geodetic"):
+            return super()._create_index_sql(model, fields=fields, **kwargs)
+
+        field = fields[0]
+        expressions = None
+        opclasses = None
+        if field.geom_type == "RASTER":
+            # For raster fields, wrap index creation SQL statement with ST_ConvexHull.
+            # Indexes on raster columns are based on the convex hull of the raster.
+            expressions = Func(Col(None, field), template=self.rast_index_template)
+            fields = None
+        elif field.dim > 2 and not field.geography:
+            # Use "nd" ops which are fast on multidimensional cases
+            opclasses = [self.geom_index_ops_nd]
+        name = kwargs.get("name")
+        if not name:
+            name = self._create_index_name(model._meta.db_table, [field.column], "_id")
+
+        return super()._create_index_sql(
+            model,
+            fields=fields,
+            name=name,
+            using=" USING %s" % self.geom_index_type,
+            opclasses=opclasses,
+            expressions=expressions,
+        )
+
+    def _alter_column_type_sql(self, table, old_field, new_field, new_type):
+        """
+        Special case when dimension changed.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(old_field, "dim") or not hasattr(new_field, "dim"):
+            return super()._alter_column_type_sql(table, old_field, new_field, new_type)
+
+        if old_field.dim == 2 and new_field.dim == 3:
+            sql_alter = self.sql_alter_column_to_3d
+        elif old_field.dim == 3 and new_field.dim == 2:
+            sql_alter = self.sql_alter_column_to_2d
+        else:
+            sql_alter = self.sql_alter_column_type
+        return (
+            (
+                sql_alter
+                % {
+                    "column": self.quote_name(new_field.column),
+                    "type": new_type,
+                },
+                [],
+            ),
+            [],
+        )